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THE FLOWER GARDEN. 
C. californica, and this grows 6 to 8ft. high, has narrow pale 
green leaves, and bears fragrant white flowers in clusters in 
June and July. It requires a west, south-west or south wall, 
and a well-drained sandy soil, to succeed outdoors in the 
South of England. In cold districts it is doubtful if the shrub 
would thrive outdoors even with protection in winter. Plant 
in autumn. Increased by cuttings inserted in sandy soil in a 
cold frame in autumn ; by suckers at the same period ; also by 
seeds sown in sandy loam in a cold frame in spring. 
Cassandra (Leather-leaf). — C. calyculata, better known 
as Andromeda calyculata, is a dwarf evergreen flowering shrub, 
growing i to 3ft. high, bearing white or pink tinged blossoms 
in April, and a member of the Heath family (Ericaceae). It 
is a very pretty spring-flowering shrub, and well suited for 
country gardens. In its native habitat, Virginia, it grows 
in peaty swamps, therefore to grow it well here it should be 
planted in moist sandy peat and leaf-mould. The margin of a 
rhododendron bed would be a good place for it, or failing this 
the fringe of a shrubbery. Plant in September or May. Increased 
by seeds sown in sandy peat in a cold frame in spring, or 
layers in summer or autumn. 
Cassia. — The only species of this genus adapted for out- 
door culture in Britain is C. corymbosus, a native of Buenos 
Ayres and a member of the Pea order (Leguminosae). This 
species is an evergreen shrub, growing 6 to 10ft. high, and 
bearing yellow blossoms in corymbs from August to 
November. The foliage is pinnate and glabrous or shining. 
Being a tender shrub it is best grown against warm walls, 
although we have seen it survive the winter in the open. In 
this case, however, the shoots die down, but young ones spring 
up the following season. It is also used occasionally for sub- 
tropical bedding in summer, the plants being lifted and 
wintered in a greenhouse. A sandy loam or peaty soil suits it 
best. Plant in spring Protect the base of the plants in winter 
with litter. Increased by seeds sown in heat in spring, also 
by cuttings of half-ripened shoots in heat in spring. 
Cassiope (Himalayan Heather). — Dwarf evergreen 
shrubs, belonging to the Heath order (Ericaceae). The prin- 
cipal species are C. fastigiata, white or pale red. May, 6in. ; 
C. hypnoides, white and red, June, moss-like and creeping; 
C. tetragona, white, March, stems four-angled, 6 to Sin. C. 
fastigiata should be grown in a deep moist loam on a shady 
rockery. C. hvpnoides requires to be grown in moist peat on 
a shady rockery its creeping shoots being pegged to the 
surface. C. tetragona thrives in sandy loam and leaf-mould 
