TREES AND SHRUBS. 
377 
or peat and leaf-mould, and requires a partially shady spot. 
Plant in March or April- These interesting little shrubs need 
plenty of moisture. Increased by layers in summer. C. fasti- 
giata is a native of the Himalayas, and the rest of the Arctic 
regions. 
CataJpa. (Indian Bean). — Hardy deciduous trees, with 
handsome foliage and attractive blossoms. They belong to 
the Bignonia order (Bignoniaceae). The best-known species 
is C. bignonioides, a native of N. America. This has large 
cordate leaves, and bears white tubular flowers speckled with 
violet, yellow and purple, in large racemes in July. Of this 
there is a variety named aurea, with golden leaves. Height 
20 to 40ft. Other species are C. Bungei, greenish-yellow, 
spotted with red, a native of China, 8 to 10ft. high and some- 
what tender ; C. Kaempferi, flowers yellow, spotted with brown, 
fragrant, and C. speciosa, white, large. For general cultiva- 
tion C. bignonioides and its variety aurea are the only kinds 
we recommend. These thrive best in a well-drained loam. 
On heavy soils the growth is soft and sappy, and liable to be 
injured by frosts. With regard to position a sheltered one on a 
lawn is the best, as here the ample leafage and the attractive 
blossom are seen to the best advantage. Plant in autumn. 
Increased by seeds sown in sandy loam in a cold frame ; by 
layering the shoots in summer ; and by cuttings of the ripened 
growth in heat in spring. 
Ceanothus. — Half-hardy evergreen shrubs, belonging to 
the Buckthorn order (Rhamnaceae). The most noteworthy 
species is C. azureus, a native of Mexico, evergreen, growing 
8 to 10ft. high, and bearing a profusion of bright blue flowers 
in trusses throughout the summer. Gloire de Versailles is a 
charming variety of the latter ; and pallidus, pale blue, is 
another pretty variety. C. veitchianus, a native of California, 
with deep blue flowers, is also a very showy species. Then 
there is a white-flowered species, C. americanus, a native of 
New Jersey, which is also very showy and worthy of culture- 
These are first-rate wall shrubs, and grown thus their neat 
green foliage is attractive in winter, while in summer it would 
be difficult to imagine anything more beautiful than these 
shrubs when covered with a mass of lovely blue or white 
blossoms. In mild districts they often do well grown as bushes 
in the open. A south, south-west or west wall will suit 
ceanothuses well. Plant in autumn or spring in good ordinary 
soil that is sufficiently well drained to keep the roots dry and 
warm in autumn or winter. In April make it a practice to 
thin out weakly and sickly growth, and to shorten the pre- 
ceding year’s shoots that are not required to form new branches 
