TREES AND SHRUBS. 
3S3 
When the seedlings are a year old transplant them 6in. apart 
in rows a foot asunder, and finally plant out two years after- 
wards. Also increased by budding in July and grafting in 
March on the Common Hawthorn. 
Cyrilla. — A hardy evergreen flowering shrub, a native 
of Texas, and a member of the Nat. Ord. Cyrillaceae. C. 
racemiflora is an elegant shrub, with slender angular branches 
and pure white flowers borne in racemes in summer. It 
grows 4 to 6ft. high, but as yet has not been grown much 
in this country. Ordinary soil. Plant in autumn. 
Cyti sus (Broom). — Hardy deciduous flowering shrubs, be- 
longing to the Pea family (Leguminosa:). The native Broom 
(C. scoparius) is a well-known, yellow-flowered species which 
grows wild on sandy heaths and hilly wastes. It is a good 
shrub to naturalise on dry banks in company with gorse. 
For garden culture the following species, etc., are the best : 
C. albus (White Spanish Broom), grows 6 to toft, high, is of 
bushy habit, and bears a mass of white flowers in May and 
June, a very pretty shrub. C. albus incarnatus bears wine-red 
flowers in profusion in May. C. Ardoini, a native of the 
Maritime Alps, is a dwarf shrub of tufted growth, growing a 
few inches high, and bearing yellow flowers in April and May. 
This species does best on a sunny rockery. E. nigricans is a 
very beautiful species, with golden blossoms borne in July. 
A native of Austria and growing 3ft. high. C. purpureus is 
also an Austrian species of trailing habit. It tears purple 
flowers in May. A good shrub to grow on banks or large 
rockeries. It is sometimes grown as a standard, grafted on 
a laburnum. C. praecox is a very pretty hybrid between C. 
albus and C. purgans. It has slender, wiry shoots, which are 
literally wreathed in creamy yellow flowers in May and June. 
Another charming hybrid is C. kewensis, the result of a cross 
between C. Ardoini and C. albus. It is of prostrate growth 
and bears creamy white flowers in May. Should be grown like 
C. Ardoini on a rockery. C. andreanus is a variety of C. 
scoparius, found growing wild in Normandy. It grows 6 to 
10ft. high, and has deep golden flowers, with crimson or red 
centres. It flowers in June and is a very showy plant. The 
brooms will thrive in almost any soil, more especially those 
of a light or sandy character. On heavy clay soil they are 
short-lived. Plant in autumn. Brooms, especially C. andre- 
anus, are apt to assume a straggly habit of growth when they 
get old. To obviate this make it an annual practice, just 
after flowering, to shorten the straggly old shoots so as to 
encourage plenty of young growth at the base. As regards 
propagation the Common Broom is easily reared from seed 
