TREES AND SHRUBS. 
419 
vigorous Teas. All the Rambler type only require the old 
flowering wood to be thinned out after flowering, leaving the 
young growths untouched. 
As regards propagation, this may be effected by cuttings 
inserted in a cold frame in autumn or in a sheltered border; 
also by budding in July. For fuller details see “Roses and 
their Cultivation.” 
Rubus (Bramble). — This genus includes the Blackberry, 
Wineberry and Raspberry, well-known fruiting plants, but we 
shall not deal with these here. The species we shall refer to 
are those noted for 'he beauty of their flowers, as R. biflorus, 
bearing large white flowers in May, golden fruit later, and 
with white shoots ; R. deliciosus, with large white flowers 
borne in May ; R. nutkanus, large white flowers borne in 
August; R. odoratus, purple-rose, June to August; and R. 
spectabilis (Salmon Berry), red, May. The foregoing bear 
edible fruit as well as beautiful flowers. They are more suit- 
able for the wild or the woodland garden than the shrubbery. 
Plant in autumn. R. arcticus is a dwarf species, growing 6in. 
high, and bearing rosy blossoms in June. This species is 
suitable for rockery culture in ordinary soil. Increased by 
suckers and division in autumn. Nat. Ord. Rosaceae. 
Sophora (Pagoda Tree; New Zealand Laburnum). — A 
genus of pea-flowered deciduous trees and shrubs, belonging 
to the Nat. Ord. Leguminosae. S. tetraptera (Syn. Edwardsia 
tetraptera) is a species from New Zealand, growing 6 to ioft. 
high, and bearing yellow flowers in long racemes at the ends 
of the branches in May. This species can only be grown 
against a warm wall in the southern districts. S. japonica 
is a beautiful species, growing 30ft. or more high, and fur- 
nished with pinnate foliage, and creamy-white flowers borne 
in panicles in September. The variety pendula has graceful 
drooping branches. A splendid flowering tree for the lawn or 
mixed shrubbery. A deep sandy loam will suit both kinds. 
Plant in autumn. In the case of the species grown on walls, 
thin out the old shoots after flowering. Increased by seeds 
and layering. 
Spartiurn (Spanish Broom).— S. junceum is a beautiful 
hardy evergreen flowering shrub from the Mediterranean 
region, and a member of the Pea order (Leguminosm). It 
grows from 6 to ioft. high, and bears clusters of lovely fragrant 
golden-yellow blossoms in summer on rush-like shoots. One 
of the showiest shrubs for massing on banks, in odd corners, 
or in the mixed shrubbery. Will grow in any soil. Plant in 
autumn. Increased by seeds scattered about and raked in 
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