TREES AND SHRUBS. 
423 
with a good dressing of rotten manure, and on no account 
trim off the points of the young shoots. Lilacs want plenty 
of nourishment, light and air. They are increased by cuttings 
of firm shoots 6in. long inserted in sandy soil outdoors in 
October ; and by suckers, removed in autumn. In selecting 
suckers or cuttings, avoid taking them from shy flowering 
bushes; take them only from those that flower freely. Grafted 
or budded trees are often short-lived, and these, too, should 
be avoided. 
Tamarix (Tamarisk). — The Tamarisk is a popular sea- 
side shrub, thriving better than most shrubs quite close to the 
sea. It also does well in inland gardens. T. gallica is a 
native evergreen species, growing 6 to 8ft. high, with heath- 
like feathery foliage, and pink flowers borne in summer. 
Other species which are suitable for gardens are T. chinensis, 
a Chinese species, with graceful feathery foliage and pink 
flowers ; and T. tetranda, a Caucasican species bearing pinkish- 
white flowers. T. chinensis, being somewhat tender, should 
be grown in a sheltered position ; the others will succeed in 
the mixed shrubbery in ordinary soil. Plant in autumn. In- 
creased by seeds or by cuttings of side shoots in a cold frame 
in summer. 
Ulex (Gorse, Furze or Whin). — Native evergreen shrubs, 
suitable only for large gardens, where they can be grouped in 
bold masses. There are two species, the Gorse (U. europaeus) 
and its double-flowered variety flore pleno, which bears yellow 
flowers in winter and early spring ; and the Cat Whin or Tam 
Furze (U. nanus), a dwarf species, which flowers in autumn. 
These will grow in poor soil on dry banks, and they are best 
raised from seed scattered about where they are required to 
grow. 
Vaccinium (Cowberry or Whortleberry). — V. Vitis-Idasa 
is the native Cowberry or YVhortleberry of our northern moors 
or heaths. It is a low trailing evergreen shrub, bearing rosy- 
white blossoms in drooping racemes, followed by red currant- 
like fruits. A pretty plant for the rockery. Plant in moist 
peat in autumn. Increased by seeds and layers. It belongs 
to the Cranberry order (Vacciniaceae). 
Veronica. (Shrubby Speedwell). — In addition to the 
herbaceous species described elsewhere there are a few ever- 
green shrubs which are very pretty when in flower. They 
belong to the Foxglove order (Scrophulariaceae). V. Andersoni 
grows about i8in. high, and bears bluish-violet flowers in 
summer. Variegata is a prettily variegated form of it. V. 
