HARDY ORNAMENTAL TREES AND SHRUBS 433 
Atlas Cedar are of similar habit, and as they attain a very 
large size they should only be planted in large gardens where, 
as years roll cn, there is plenty of room for them to develop. 
The Deodar is of a more lofty and less spreading habit, con- 
sequently may be planted in small as well as large gardens. 
None of the cedars are suitable for town gardens or smoky 
suburbs. Most conifers dislike sooty matter accumulating 
on their foliage, and the cedars especially so. None of the 
cedars should be planted on low-lying, damp and heavy soils, 
but on those of a well-drained more or less gravelly soil. 
Plant in September or October' It should be borne in mind 
when planting the Deodar Cedar that it grows rapidly, and 
therefore must be planted at least 15 to 20ft. from paths or 
other trees, otherwise its symmetry and beauty will be spoiled. 
It is a mistake to plant this beautiful tree in a mixed shrubbery, 
as is so often done. As regards propagation, it will be 
more satisfactory to buy trees from a nursery than to 
attempt to rear them at home. 
Celtis (Nettle Tree). — Deciduous, ornamental-leaved 
trees, belonging to the Nettle family (Urticaceae). They 
possess no special features, and are really only suitable for 
growing at the back of large shrubberies. C. australis, 30ft., 
S. Europe ; and C. occidentalis, 30ft., Canada, are the only two 
worth growing. Ordinary soil. Plant in autumn. Increased 
by layers and cuttings in autumn. 
Cornus (Dogwood or Cornel). — The Dogwoods are hardy 
deciduous ornamental-leaved and flowering shrubs. Not only 
are some of the species very attractive shrubs in summer, but 
also very effective in winter on account of the rich colouring 
of their stems and twigs. They belong to the Nat. Ord. 
Cornaceae. Here are the most attractive kinds. C. alba is a 
native of Asia, grows about 10ft. high, has slender, red-barked 
stems and creamy-white flowers, succeeded by white berries. 
Of this a variety named Spaethii is noteworthy for its bronzy 
leaves in spring, which change to a golden tint in summer. 
It grows about 3ft. high. C. capitata (known also as Benth- 
amia fragifera or so-called Strawberry Tree) is a more or less 
evergreen species from N. India, which bears white flowers 
succeeded by red strawberry-like fruits, but is only hardy 
enough to be grown in Devon and Cornwall. C. florida is 
another species which only thrives outdoors in sheltered posi- 
tions. The flowers are greenish-yellow, and the foliage 
changes to a beautiful tint in autumn. C. Mas (Syn. C. mas- 
cula), the Cornelian Cherry, is an Austrian species, which is 
conspicuous in March by its wealth of yellow flowers borne 
on leafless twigs, and for its red cherry-like fruits borne later. 
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