438 
THE FLOWER GARDEN, 
which creep up a wall like ivy. Of E. japonicus there are 
several varieties, as argenteus variegatus, silver-leaved ; 
aureo-variegatus, leaves margined with yellow ; lati- 
folius variegatus, leaves variegated with white ; lati- 
folia aureus, leaves variegated with yellow, and micro- 
phyllus, a small-leaved dwarf kind. Then there is also a 
variegated form of E. radicans which is specially suitable for 
edgings and for clothing walls in sheltered positions. The 
deciduous and the evergreen kinds are suitable for shrubbery 
culture, and the variegated ones for the front of shrubberies, 
or other purposes in the garden, including the embellishment 
of vases and window-boxes in winter. All the euonymuses 
are excellent sea-side and town shrubs. The evergreen kinds 
should be planted in early autumn or in April and May, and 
the deciduous ones in autumn. Grow in good ordinary soil. 
The evergreens may be trimmed or pruned into shape in 
April. Increased by cuttings of the points of shoots 4 to 6in. 
long, inserted in sandy soil in a cold frame in September or 
October. 
Fagus (Beech). — The Common Beech (F. sylvatica) is a 
well-known deciduous tree much grown in wmodlands and as 
specimen trees in parks, etc. Except in large shrubberies 
this tree is not a suitable garden tree on account of its large 
size, but it is often grown as a hedge plant, for which purpose 
it is well suited. It does well as a hedge plant in dry, loose or 
chalky soils, and will often thrive where other kinds fail. 
Trench the soil 3ft. wide and fairly deep, and then plant two to 
four-year-old plants a foot apart between October and April. 
Cut off straggling side and top growths when first planted, and 
afterwards trim the shoots annually in summer. For garden 
adornment the best forms of the Common Beech to grow are : 
Cuprea (Copper Beech), with coppery foliage; purpurea 
(Purple Beech), with deep purple foliage; heterophylla (Cut- 
leaved Beech), with elegantly cut foliage; aurea variegata 
(Golden Beech), golden striped leaves; argenteo-variegata, 
silver-striped leaves. These make noble and handsome trees 
for the shrubbery, or better still as specimens on the lawn. 
Then there is a graceful weeping green form known as pendula, 
and a purple-leaved weeping form, purpurea pendula, both of 
which are pretty lawn trees. All the foregoing will thrive in 
any soil that is not too damp and heavy. For chalky or thin 
gravelly or limestone soils no trees will do better than the 
Beech in its various forms. Plant in autumn. The common 
species is easily reared from seed, but the choice sorts may 
only be increased by budding in July, or grafting in spring on 
the Common Beech. 
