HARDY ORNAMENTAL TREES AND SHRUBS. 441 
Queen (golden), and Silver Queen (silver). Golden Queen is 
a male variety, and the other two hermaphrodite kinds which 
berry freely. Shepherdii also berries freely. There is a white- 
berried variety named fructo-alba, and a yellow-berried one 
called fructo-luteo. The only other species to be mentioned 
is I latifolia, a large-leaved Japanese kind. Hollies may be 
grown in the mixed shrubbery or as specimens on the lawn. 
The variegated sorts should certainly be grown on the lawn, 
as it is there only that they display their handsome habit and 
pretty foliage to the best effect. When grown in shrubberies 
they are apt to be overcrowded by other shrubs and have their 
beauty spoiled. It is therefore a great mistake to plant such 
choice shrubs where there is a risk of their being crowded and 
spoiled. Hollies prefer a deep, rich, well-drained loam, and 
to be planted, if possible, in September or May. Any pruning 
needed should be done in April. The Common Holly makes 
one of the best of hedge shrubs. It grows slowly for the first 
two or three years, but once the plants get established they 
will in time make a first-rate hedge. The site for a hedge 
should be trenched 3ft. wide and 3ft. deep, and have plenty of 
rotten manure and decayed refuse well mixed with the soil. 
The best time to plant is in May or September, and then plants 
a foot high should be put in a foot apart, and the soil made 
firm around them. If the weather should be dry at the time 
give the soil a good watering and mulch each side of the plants 
with strawy manure. The trimming should be done in April 
or September. Hollies are increased by seeds. The berries 
should be gathered when ripe and mixed with damp sand in 
a heap outdoors till March, when draw drills an inch deep, and 
sow the berries thinly. Let the seedlings remain for two 
years, then lift and transplant a foot apart. Two years after- 
wards lift the plants and place in their permanent positions. 
The variegated kinds are increased by grafting in March or 
by budding in August on the Common Holly. Nat. Ord. 
Aquifoliaceae. 
Juglans (Walnut). — The Common Walnut (J. regia) is 
one of our handsomest trees, but is grown more for the sake 
of its nuts than for its beauty. Nevertheless it is a noble 
tree and worthy of a place in gardens where there is room for 
large trees. A variety of it named laciniata has finely cut 
leaves and is very attractive. J. nigra (American Walnut) 
is also a very handsome tree, especially when it attains a large 
size. These trees are not suitable for low-lying, damp soils. 
Here they make a sappy growth easily injured by frosts. On 
well-drained loamy soils they thrive much better, and in the 
case of the Common Walnut fruit more freely. Plant in 
