HARDY ORNAMENTAL TREES AND SHRUBS. 449 
Pterocarya. — Hardy deciduous trees, belonging to the 
Walnut order (Juglandaceae). The only species worthy of note 
is P. caucasica, an ornamental-leaved tree growing 20 to 30ft. 
high, and with walnut-like foliage. A native of the Caucasus. 
A fine tree to grow as a specimen on large lawns, or in parks 
or pleasure grounds. Plant in ordinary soil in autumn. In- 
creased by seeds, suckers or layers. 
Quercus (Oak). — But few species of this genus of the 
Nat. Ord. Cupuliferae are suitable for garden culture. The 
best for the latter purpose are the Evergreen Oak (Q. Ilex) ; 
Scarlet Oak (Q. coccinea) ; Turkey Oak (Q. Cerris) ; Red Oak 
(Q. rubra) ; and the Cork Oak (Q. Suber). The Scarlet and 
the Red Oaks have foliage which assumes very rich tints in 
autumn. The Evergreen Oak may be grown as a bush in the 
shrubbery ; the rest are best grown as single specimens on 
the lawn. They will all thrive in good deep rich soil, and 
should be planted in autumn. The Evergreen or Holly Oak 
(Q. Ilex) is a good seaside tree; it also does well on chalky 
soils. Increased by seeds (acorns) sown outdoors in autumn. 
Rhus (Sumach). — Hardy deciduous shrubs or trees, be- 
longing to the order Anacardiaceae. The best-known species 
is the Stag’s Horn Sumach (R. typhina), a small tree with 
fern-like foliage and hairy shoots, and greenish-yellow flowers 
borne in spikes at the points of the branches. This kind is 
common in suburban gardens. R. glabra laciniata (Scarlet 
Sumach) is a dwarfer kind, with large fern-like leaves which 
assume a deep red tint in autumn. R. Cotinus (Smoke Bush 
or Venetian Sumach) is the most beautiful of all the Sumachs. 
It grows 6 to 8ft. high, has roundish leaves and a mass of 
feathery inflorescence, partly produced by the pedicels or 
flower stalks being converted into white awns. The inflore- 
scence, coupled with the rich autumnal tints of the leaves, 
impart to this shrub a peculiarly elegant appearance. Its 
variety atropurpurea has purple-tinted leaves, shoots and 
flower panicles, and is still more beautiful. R. cotinoides 
(American Smoke Tree) is of somewhat similar habit, but 
its leaves assume a rich scarlet tint suffused with orange and 
crimson in autumn. The two latter make good lawn shrubs 
and also do well in the mixed shrubbery. All succeed in good 
ordinary soil, and should be planted in autumn. R. typhina 
and R. glabra preserve a better habit if their shoots are 
annually cut back hard in March. Increased by cuttings of 
the roots or ripened shoots outdoors in autumn, or by layering 
in autumn. 
Rosmarinus (Rosemary). — No garden should be with- 
out its rosemary bush. Formerly it was very much esteemed 
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