HARDY ORNAMENTAL TREES AND SHRUBS. 463 
good soil, and should be planted in May or September. Great 
care must be taken not to allow the roots to get dry before 
planting, otherwise the tree will shed its leaves and gradually 
die. When planted in May, give plenty of water in dry 
weather, and syringe the foliage every evening. Yews are 
gross feeders, and therefore should not be planted too close 
to flower borders. Again, as the foliage is poisonous to 
cattle, do not plant yews where the latter can have access to 
them. Increased by seeds sown outdoors in spring. The 
berries should be gathered when ripe and stored in sand till 
spring. Increased also by cuttings of young shoots in sandy 
soil in a cold frame in autumn. 
Thuya. (Arbor-vitae).— Hardy evergreen coniferous shrubs 
and trees of great value for garden decoration. The best- 
known species are: T. dolabrata (Syn. Thuiopsis dolabrata) 
a handsome tree with flattened branches, specially suitable 
for small lawns, or for growing as a hedge. Laetevirens is a 
dwarf form of it; native of Japan; height 15 to 20ft. T. 
gigantea (T. Lobbi) is one of the handsomest species. It is 
of pyramidal habit, grows 60ft. high and upwards, and forms 
a beautiful lawn tree. Is also largely used for hedges. Native 
of N.W. America. T. occidentalis (American Arbor-vitae) is 
a species largely used for planting in mixed shrubberies and 
for forming hedges. It is rather too weedy a species to be 
worthy of a place on a lawn. T. orientalis (Biota orientalis) is 
the Chinese Arbor-vitae, and is also largely grown in mixed 
shrubberies. Its golden-leaved form (aurea) makes a neat, 
dwarf bushy shrub to grow on small lawns. The Thuyas 
will succeed in good ordinary soil, or better still in a deep rich 
loam. They are rather partial to moisture, so should not be 
planted in very shallow soils. Plant in May or September. 
As previously mentioned, T. gigantea, occidentalis and orient- 
alis are often grown as evergreen hedges. The soil must be 
deeply trenched beforehand, and plants 1 to 3ft. high planted 
a foot apart in May or September. The sides should be 
annually trimmed in in April or September. Increased by 
cuttings of small branchlets inserted in sandy soil in a cold 
frame in September. 
Tilia. (Lime). — Hardy deciduous trees, belonging to the 
Nat. Ord. Tiliaceae. The Lime or Linden Tree (T. vulgaris or 
europasa) is a European species, naturalised in England. It is 
a common tree in our thoroughfares, parks, and even in small 
gardens, its chief attraction being its pleasing green leafage 
in a young state. It is planted far too commonly in small 
gardens, where the rapid growth of its shoots and roots shade 
and rob the soil of its fertility and moisture. It were far better 
