THE BELL-FLOWER FAMILY 
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(5) Harebell. (Campan'ula rotundifdlia.)— Flowers on long stalks, solitary or in loose 
clusters of 2 or 3 ; corolla-bell broad, with very short recurved lobes ; upper stem- 
leaves strap-shaped and stalkless. 
Capsule opening at the top by clefts ; upper stem-leaves narrow and stalkless. 
(6) Peach-leaved Bell-flower. (Campan'ula persicifolia.) — Flowers as broad as long, solitary; 
corolla-bell with very short lobes. 
(7) *Rampion Bell-flower. (Campan'ula Rapun'culus.) — Flowers smallish, shortly stalked, 
forming long clusters ; the corolla-bell lobed halfway down. 
(8) Spreading Bell-flower. (Campan'ula pat'ula.) — Flowers few, on long stalks, in a very 
loose cluster ; the corolla-bell broad and lobed halfway down. 
1. Clustered Bell-flower. (Campan'ula glomer&ta. Linn.)— As just described. 
The flowers are i-i| inches long, stalkless (sessile), narrowly bell-shaped, of a deep violet-blue, in 
small tight 'clusters in the axils of the upper leaves, the main terminal cluster forming a head, 
which is apparently surrounded by leafy bracts. The capsule is short, broad, and erect, and 
opens by clefts at the base. The stout erect stem is 1-2 feet high, simple, hairy, leafy ; the 
leaves are egg-shaped (ovate) or lance-shaped, and heart-shaped (cordate) at the base, roughly 
hairy, and with scalloped edges; the root and lower stem-leaves have long stalks, and the 
upper are stalkless and clasp the stem with their heart-shaped bases. 
Not common. Dry pastures, especially on a chalky or sandy soil; widely spread over England, 
except in the western counties, rare in Ireland, and only to be found in the east of Scotland. 
July — October. Perennial. 
2. Nettle-leaved Bell-flower, Wild Canterbury-bell, Great Throat-wort. 
(Campan'ula Trachelium. Linn.) — Flowers 1J-2 inches long, shortly stalked, widely bell- 
shaped, bluish-purple, rather lighter in colour than those of the Clustered Bell-flower (Campanula 
glomerata), 2 or 3 together, rarely solitary, in the axils of the upper leaves and terminating the 
stem. Capsule nodding, opening by clefts at the base. [As described in the genus Campanula.] 
The stem is 18 inches to 3 feet high, erect, stout, and leafy; the leaves resemble those of the 
Common Nettle and are covered with short stiff hairs, the lower leaves are on long stalks, 
broadly heart-shaped and doubly toothed, while the upper become stalkless and narrower. The 
whole plant is of a deep green colour and is remarkably rough to the touch on account of the 
strong short hairs which cover the leaves. [ Plate 1. 
Not uncommon. Woods and hedges. Common in the south of England, becoming rarer in 
the north ; a doubtful native in Scotland and only found as far north as Lanark and Fife ; in 
Ireland only found in Kilkenny. July — October. Perennial. 
3. Giant Bell-flower. (Campan'ula latifolia. Linn.) — A most beautiful species with 
large blue or white bell-shaped flowers, with erect corolla-lobes, 1^-2^ inches long, shortly stalked, 
and solitary in the axils of the upper leaves and terminating the stem, so forming an erect and 
simple leafy cluster. The capsules are short and open by clefts at the base. [As described in the 
genus Campanula.] The stem is solitary, 2-4 feet high, stout, erect, and very leafy; the leaves 
being broadly lance-shaped, narrowed at the base, doubly toothed, the lower leaves stalked and the 
upper stalkless. 
Not uncommon. Frequent in woods and bushy places in northern England, becoming more 
rare in the Midlands and rare in the south ; frequent in central and southern Scotland ; and 
not a native in Ireland. July — August. Perennial. 
