4 
WILD FLOWERS OF THE BRITISH ISLES 
IV. RAMPION. (PHYTEU'MA. Linn.) — Flowers rather small, blue, purple, or straw-coloured, 
in dense terminal heads or spikes, with several sepal-like bracts at the base. Calyx-tube 5-toothed, 
remaining with the fruit (persistent) ; corolla cylindrical and curved in bud, deeply divided into 5 
narrow lobes, which at last are spreading, inserted in the throat of the calyx-tube ; stamens 5, 
anthers free, inserted at the base of the corolla ; carpels 2 or 3, united into a seedcase, a hairy 
style, and a 2-3-lobed stigma. Capsule oval, 2-3-celled, many-seeded, crowned with the calyx- 
teeth, bursting open at the sides into 2 or 3 slits. Herbs often having enlarged roots. 
(1) Round-headed Rampion. (Phyteu'ma orbiculare.) — Round heads of deep blue flowers. 
(2) Spiked Rampion. (Phyteu'ma spicatum.) — Spikes of yellowish-white or pale dull blue 
flowers. 
1. Round-headed Rampion. (Phyteu'ma orbiculare. Linn.)— As just described. 
This is a plant which cannot be mistaken ; its deep blue flowers are massed together into a few 
round heads, J-i inch long in flower, which become longer and oblong in fruit, and 
terminate the solitary stem which is slightly branched at the top. The stem is 6-18 inches 
high, erect, and leafy at the base, the leaves becoming small, distant, and stalkless towards 
the top ; the root-leaves and lower stem-leaves are egg-shaped (ovate) or lance-shaped, on 
long stalks, with scalloped edges, and the stem-leaves are stalkless (sessile), strap-shaped, 
pointed, and nearly entire. [ Plate 2. 
Local, rare. Only found on the chalk downs of Hampshire, Sussex, Surrey, Wilts, and possibly 
Kent. July — Septemper. Perennial. 
2. Spiked Rampion. (Phyteu'ma spicatum. Linn.)— A larger species with oblong 
heads of yellowish-white or pale dull blue flowers, which become spike-like ; taller and stouter 
stems, from 18 inches to 3 feet high; and larger, more heart-shaped lower leaves. 
Formerly cultivated for its edible root. 
Very rare. A doubtful native. Only found in Sussex. May — July. Perennial. 
V. BELL-FLOWER. (CAMPANULA. Linn.) — Flowers conspicuous, bell-shaped (cam- 
panulate), blue, purple, or white, usually in terminal clusters. Calyx-tube terminating in 5 
teeth, remaining with the fruit (persistent) ; corolla bell-shaped, with 5 broad, shallow lobes, 
inserted on the top of the calyx-tube ; stamens 5, anthers free, inserted with but not adhering 
to the corolla ; carpels 2-5, united into a seedcase, and 1 hairy style, which is surmounted 
with a 2-5-lobed stigma. Capsule 2-5-celled, many-seeded, crowned with the calyx-teeth, 
and usually opening by clefts at the side. Herbs or undershrubs, usually with alternate leaves. 
Capsules opening at the base by clefts; upper stem-leaves egg-shaped, lance-shaped, or 
strap-shaped, toothed, and stalkless. 
(1) Clustered Bell-flower. (Campan'ula glomerdta.) — Flowers stalkless, in compact clusters; 
corolla-bell narrow, with short lobes ; leaves heart-shaped at the base. 
(2) Nettle-leaved Bell-flower. (Campan'ula Trachelium.) — Flowers shortly stalked, in looser 
clusters ; corolla-bell broader, with short lobes ; leaves covered with short stiff hairs. 
(3) Giant Bell-flower. (Campan'ula latifolia.) — Flowers large, shortly stalked, usually 
solitary in the axils of the upper leaves, forming a leafy cluster ; corolla-bell narrow 
with short erect lobes. 
(4) ^Creeping Bell-flower. (Campan'ula rapunculoides.) — Flowers smaller, shortly stalked, 
solitary in the upper leaf-axils, forming a long cluster ; corolla-bell broad with 
short lobes. 
