THE BORAGE FAMILY 
43 
VIII. Bugloss (Lycop'sis). Flowers salver-shaped; corolla-tube curved, limb oblique, throat 
closed with 5 blunt scales ; stamens enclosed in corolla-tube ; nuts angular and 
wrinkled. 
IX. Lungwort (Pulmonaria). Flowers salver-shaped ; corolla-throat not closed with scales ; 
stamens enclosed in corolla-tube. 
X. Gromwell (Lithosper'mum). Flowers salver-shaped ; corolla-throat not closed with scales ; 
stamens enclosed in corolla-tube ; nuts stony. 
XI. Forget-me-not (Myosotis). Flowers small, salver-shaped ; corolla-throat nearly closed with 
5 blunt scales. 
I. VIPER’S BUGLOSS. (ECHIUM. Linn.) — Flowers red or pink in bud, becoming purple or 
blue, in numerous i-sided clusters, which are coiled in bud, up a thick, erect stem, forming a 
handsome spike-like cluster. Calyx of 5 narrow hairy sepals, united at the base, free from and 
inserted below the seedcase (inferior) ; corolla of 5 petals, funnel-shaped, united into a tube and 
separating into 5 lobes which are slightly 2-lipped, inserted below the seedcase (hypogynous) ; 
stamens 5, on long filaments unequal in length, protruding beyond the corolla, inserted in the 
corolla-tube (epi-petalous) ; carpels 2, with a long protruding style and a 2-lobed stigma ; fruit of 
4 little nuts attached at the base to the flat receptacle. Rather large bristly-hairy herbs or under- 
shrubs with alternate undivided leaves with entire margins. 
(1) Common Viper’s Bugloss. (Echium vulgdre.) — Flowers blue, in numerous coiled clusters, 
forming tall, spike-like clusters ; corolla-tube narrow ; stamens protruding beyond the 
corolla. 
(2) *Purple Viper’s Bugloss. (£chium plantagin'eum.) — Flowers dark violet, in loose 
branched clusters ; corolla-tube broadly bell-shaped ; stamens not protruding. 
1. Common Viper’s Bug-loss. (Echium vulgare. Linn.)— As just described. An 
exceedingly handsome plant with a tall, spike-like cluster, composed of small, 1 -sided coiled clusters 
of rosy-pink buds, which open into large vivid blue flowers with long protruding stamens, each 
flower having a bract at the base ; the stems are stout, 1-3 feet high, covered with bristly spreading 
hairs, often branched at the base, each branch being covered with flowers ; the leaves are narrowly 
oblong, also covered with minute and long bristly hairs ; the lower leaves have short stalks, and 
the stem-leaves are stalkless (sessile). [Plate 15. 
A white variety occurs, which has a shorter corolla-tube. 
Not uncommon on chalky and sandy soils. In waste places ; abundant in some parts of southern 
England and in parts of Wales, rare in the north of Scotland, and in Ireland, where it is found 
chiefly on the east coast. June — August. Biennial. 
2. *Purple Viper’s Bugloss. (Echium plantagin'eum. Linn.)— A very similar 
species with larger dark violet flowers in spreading clusters, not spike-like ; the corolla-tube bell- 
shaped ; the stamens not protruding ; and the leaves narrower. 
Very rare ; probably not a native, but established by waysides and in waste places in Cornwall 
near Penzance, and in Jersey. June — September. Biennial. 
II. HOUND’S-TONGUE. (CYNOGLOS'SUM. Linn.) — Flowers funnel-shaped, blue, purple, red, 
or white, in i-sided clusters coiled in bud (scorpioid racemes). Calyx of 5 sepals, covered with 
whitish down, united at the base, free from and inserted below the seedcase (inferior) ; corolla of 
5 petals, funnel-shaped, united into a tube and spreading into a 5-lobed limb, the throat of the 
