THE FIGWORT FAMILY 
the seedcase (hypogynous) ; stamens 4, in 2 unequal pairs (didynamous), inserted on the corolla- 
tube, and included in the upper lip ; carpels 2 ; capsule flattened, oblique, 2-celled, opening from 
the top down the middle of the cells by 2 valves (loculicidal), seeds few and rather large. 
Herbs with leaves which are alternate or rarely in circles (whorls) and are deeply divided or lobed 
towards the midrib (pinnate or pinnatifid). Semi-parasitic by means of suckers which develop on 
the fleshy branches of the root, and eventually on the elongated root itself, in this respect 
differing from the other parasitic genera in this family, which, being annuals, only develop suckers 
on the branches of the root. 
(1) Marsh Red-Rattle. (Pedicular'is palus'tris.) Calyx 2-lobed ; corolla with 4 teeth; fruit 
longer than calyx. 
(2) Dwarf Red-Rattle. (Pedicular'is sylvat'ica.) Calyx 5-lobed ; corolla with 2 teeth ; fruit 
as long as calyx. 
1. Marsh Red-Rattle. (Pedicular'is palus'tris. Linn.)— -As just described. A very 
pretty marsh plant with large purplish-pink flowers, about an inch long, solitary in the axils of the 
upper leaves forming a long leafy cluster ; the calyx with 2 toothed lobes ; the corolla upper lip 
with 2 short teeth on the margin just below the apex and another on each side halfway down ; 
the capsule longer than the calyx ; the stem from 3 inches to 2 feet high, stout, usually much 
branched; and the leaves deeply lobed to the midrib (pinnatifid), the lobes being strongly and 
sometimes twice toothed. 
The leaves of this species and of the following one resemble, at a glance, the fronds of some ferns. 
Not common. In marshes, bogs, and wet ditches ; generally distributed over England, Scotland, 
and Ireland. May — September. Biennial. 
2. Dwarf Red-Rattle. (Pedicular'is sylvat'ica. Linn.)— A very similar species to the 
last, differing in the colour of the flower, which is often of a very bright rosy pink ; in the calyx 
being 5-toothed, the teeth becoming cut and leafy in fruit ; in the corolla only having 2 short teeth 
at the apex and none at the sides ; in the capsule not being any longer than the calyx ; in the stem 
being shorter, about 6-9 inches long, and only branched at the base ; and in the leaves being more 
deeply divided into narrower segments. \Plate 26. 
Common. In marshes, bogs, and wet places ; in England, Scotland, and Ireland. April — August. 
Perennial. 
XII. YELLOW-RATTLE. (RHINANTHUS. Linn.) — Flowers large, yellow, in terminal spikes. 
Calyx of 5 sepals, united into an inflated tube, which is laterally flattened, and separating into 4 
small teeth, inserted below the seedcase (inferior) ; corolla of 5 petals, united into a gaping tube 
and separating into 2 short lips (bilabiate), the upper lip arched, flattened laterally, with 2 short 
teeth at the apex, the lower lip 3-lobed, inserted below the seedcase (hypogynous) ; stamens 4, in 
2 unequal pairs (didynamous), included in the upper lip of the corolla and inserted on the corolla- 
tube (epi-petalous) ; carpels 2 ; capsule round, flattened, 2-celled, opening by 2 valves from the top 
down the middle of the cells (loculicidal), seeds few and large. Semi-parasitic herbs with 
opposite leaves; the suckers, as in the Eye-bright (Euphrasia), are developed on the root-branches; 
they are, however, larger than those of that genus. 
(1) Common Yellow-Rattle. (Rhinan'thus Crista-galii.) — Flowers small, flower-bracts green. 
(2) Larger Yellow-Rattle. (Rhinan'thus m^jor.) — Flowers large, flower-bracts yellow ending in 
a fine point. 
