THE BUTTERWORT FAMILY 
87 
the stems are seldom more than 6 inches long, and the leaves are very small, about \ inch long, 
are not fringed with hairs, and are often destitute of bladders, never having more than one or two 
to each leaf. \Plate 29. 
Rare. In ponds and ditches throughout England, Scotland, and Ireland. June — September. 
Perennial. 
4. Utricul&ria Bremii. Heer. — This is a species said to grow in one or two places in 
Scotland ; it differs from the Lesser Bladderwort (Utricularia minor) in having larger flowers, a 
more definite spur to the corolla, and a round flat lower lip. 
Very rare. In ponds and ditches in one or two places in Scotland. July — August. Perennial. 
5. Intermediate Bladderwort. (Utriculdria intermedia. Hayne.)— A species 
intermediate between the Greater and Lesser Bladderwort ; the flowers are about £ inch long, pale 
yellow ; the upper lip of the corolla is twice as long as the projecting palate, and the border of the 
lower lip has a flat, spreading margin ; the leaves are fringed with hairs, without bladders, and are 
densely crowded at the ends of the branches ; and the bladders are borne on leafless branches. 
Very rare, local. In ponds and ditches, extending from Dorset to the north of Scotland ; also in 
Ireland. June — September. Perennial. 
II. BUTTERWORT. (PINGUIC'ULA. Linn.) — Flowers purple, lilac, blue, yellow, or variegated, 
drooping, solitary on leafless stalks from the root (scapes). Calyx of 5 sepals, united at the base 
and separating into 2 lips (bilabiate), the upper lip 3- and the lower 2-lobed, remaining with the 
fruit (persistent), free from and inserted below the seedcase (inferior) ; corolla 2-lipped, gaping 
(ringent), the upper 2- and the lower lip 3-lobed and usually much longer, the tube spurred at the 
base, inserted below the seedcase (hypogynous) ; stamens 2, inserted on the base of the corolla 
(epi-petalous) ; carpels 2 ; capsule roundish, pointed, 1 -celled, many-seeded, opening by 2 valves. 
Bog plants with all the leaves from the root in a rosette, entire, fleshy, with the margins rolled in 
(involute), and the surface greasy with sticky glands which enable the plant to catch any small 
insects which alight on it. 
(1) Common Butterwort. (Pinguic'ula vulgaris.) — Flowers nearly 1 inch long, purplish-blue; 
spur short, slender, straight ; lower lip of corolla unequally lobed and longer than 
upper lip. 
(2) Large-flowered Butterwort. (Pinguic'ula grandiflora.) — Flowers 1 J inches long, deep violet; 
spur very long, slender, straight, usually notched ; lower lip of corolla unequally lobed, 
and much longer than upper lip. 
(3) Alpine Butterwort. (Pinguic'ula alpfna.) — Flowers over \ inch long, yellowish ; spur 
short, thick, abruptly bent ; lower lip of corolla unequally lobed, much longer than 
upper lip. 
(4) Pale-flowered Butterwort. (Pinguic'ula lusitan'ica.) — Flowers barely £ inch long, mauvish ; 
spur short, thick, curved ; lower lip of corolla about the same length as the upper lip 
and all the lobes nearly equal. 
1. Common Butterwort. (Pinguic'ula vulgaris. Linn.)— As just described. The 
flowers are about 1 inch long, of a purplish-blue, drooping, solitary, on leafless stalks 3-6 inches 
high ; the sepals pointed with gland-tipped hairs ; the corolla with a short slender straight spur, 
the upper lip shorter than the lower, which has unequal lobes ; and the capsule roundish and 
pointed. The leaves are oblong, thick, fleshy, pale shining green, greasy with oily sticky glands, 
spreading in a rosette on the ground. \Plate 29. 
