THE DEAD-NETTLE FAMILY 
4. Red Dead-Nettle. (Ldmiura purpureum. Linn.) — The flowers are about f inch 
long, dull rose-colour, crowded together at the top of the stem in clusters (whorls) in the axils 
of the opposite leaves ; the calyx-teeth are spreading ; the corolla-tube is slightly curved and has 
a marked internal ring of hairs ; while the lower lip has one large central lobe divided into 3 
segments and a tooth-like one on each side ; the anthers are hairy ; the 4-sided stem is 6-18 inches 
high, decumbent and branched at the base, often tinged with purple ; the leaves are all stalked, 
the upper ones being shortly stalked, egg-shaped (ovate) or heart-shaped (cordate), and the lower 
ones on long stalks, small, and roundish. 
Very common. In cultivated ground and waste places, throughout England, Scotland, and 
Ireland. April — October. Annual. [ Plate 32. 
5. ^Spotted Dead-Nettle. (Ldraium macul&tum. Linn.) — A species very similar to 
the next — the White Dead-Nettle (Lamium album) — but differing from it in its purple-red 
flowers, which have a transverse ring of hairs inside the corolla-tube and are fewer in number in 
each cluster, and in the leaves usually having a white stripe down the middle. 
Not a native. An escape from cultivation found in various places in England and Scotland. 
June — September. Perennial. 
6. White Dead-Nettle. (L&mium album. Linn.) — Flowers large, about I inch long, 
creamy-white, 6-18 in dense clusters (whorls) in the axils of the leaves; the calyx usually 
stained with purple and the teeth long, fine, and spreading ; the corolla-tube with a marked 
oblique ring of hairs inside and dilated above, the upper lip much arched and densely hairy 
outside, the lower lip with one large central lobe and 2 teeth-like side lobes ; and the anthers 
black and hairy. [As described in the genus Dead-Nettle (Lamium).] The stems about 
1 foot high, and the leaves all stalked and coarsely toothed, egg-heart-shaped and pointed. 
[Plate 31. 
Very common. By hedges, on waste places, and cultivated ground ; very common in England and 
the south of Scotland, rare in the north of Scotland and in Ireland. May — December. Perennial. 
7. Yellow Dead-Nettle, Yellow-Snout, Yellow Archangel. (LAmium Galeobdolon. 
Crantz.) — Flowers f-i inch long, yellow, 6-10 in clusters in the axils of the leaves (false whorls). 
The calyx hairy, the teeth pointed ; the corolla-tube curved and with a marked oblique ring of 
hairs inside, the upper lip arched, entire, and densely hairy outside, and the lower lip with 3 nearly 
equal pointed lobes ; the anthers not hairy. [As described in the genus Dead-Nettle (Lamium).] 
The square stems are about 18 inches high, and the leaves are stalked, egg-shaped (ovate), 
pointed, and coarsely toothed (serrate). [Plate 32. 
Local. In woods and under hedges ; not uncommon in the south of England and Midlands, 
very rare in Scotland and Ireland. May — June. Perennial. 
II. BASTARD BALM. (MELITTIS. Linn.) A genus consisting of the following species : — 
Bastard Balm. (Melit'tis MelissophylTum. Linn.) — Flowers large, i-i| inches long, 
solitary or 2 or 3 in the axils of the leaves. Calyx short and broad, of a thin texture, 2-lipped 
(bilabiate), the upper lip broad, shortly 3-lobed, and the lower lip 2-lobed, becoming inflated 
in fruit, inserted below the seedcase (inferior) ; corolla 2-lipped (bilabiate), upper lip erect, slightly 
thrown back, and very slightly arched, entire and wavy or with 2 lobes, and the lower lip 
3-lobed and spreading, inserted below the seedcase (hypogynous) ; stamens 4, in unequal pairs 
(didynamous), diverging, protruding (exserted), inserted on the corolla-tube (epi-petalous) ; 
carpels 2, united into a 4-celled seedcase and a long style divided at the apex into 2 stigmas ; 
fruit of 4 little nuts (cocca). Stem 1-2 feet high, square, stout ; leaves shortly stalked, 
