THE DEAD-NETTLE FAMILY 
1. Cut-leaved Germander. (Teu'crium Botrys. Linn.) — As just described. The 
flowers are about f inch long, purplish-rose, 4-6 in clusters in the axils of the leaves ; the calyx is 
large, inflated, pouched (gibbous) at the base, and the teeth are nearly equal and pointed ; the 
stem is 4-10 inches high, erect, wiry, branched from the base ; and the leaves are stalked, deeply 
lobed towards the midrib (pinnatifid), the lobes being entire or cut. The whole plant is covered 
with long hairs and gland-tipped hairs intermixed. 
Very rare. In chalky corn-fields in Surrey, and on chalk downs in Kent. August — September. 
Annual. 
2. Water Germander. (Teu'crium Scor'dium. Linn.) — A species with rose-coloured 
flowers, | inch long, in distant clusters of about 4 flowers together ; the calyx is slightly pouched 
(saccate) at the base, not inflated, and with 5 equal teeth. [As described in the genus Germander 
(Teucrium).] The stems are 4-12 inches high, decumbent at the base, branched and hairy; the 
leaves are stalkless (sessile), oblong, coarsely toothed (serrate), and hairy ; and the root is creeping. 
Very rare. In wet, marshy places in a few counties in the south and east of England, and in the 
south and west of Ireland. July — August. Perennial. 
3. *Wall Germander. (Teu'crium Chamsedrys. Linn.) — A somewhat similar species 
with larger rose-coloured flowers, the upper ones forming a leafy, i-sided cluster (raceme) ; the stem 
3-18 inches long, wiry and hairy; and the leaves stalked, egg-shaped (ovate), deeply scalloped 
(crenate), and hairy on both sides. 
Formerly cultivated as a medicinal herb. 
Not a native; rare. On old walls ; an escape from cultivation which has established itself in a few 
localities in England, and has been reported from Scotland and Ireland. July — September. 
Perennial. 
4. Wood-sage, Wood Germander. (Teu'crium Scoroddnia. Linn.) — The only well- 
known species in this genus. The flowers are pale yellow, in pairs, each pair in the axil of a small 
bract, crowded together up the stem and branches, forming terminal 1 -sided clusters (racemes). 
The calyx is slightly pouched (saccate), the upper tooth is much larger and broader than the others 
and is turned back, giving the calyx the appearance of being 2 -lipped (bilabiate), while the remain- 
ing 4 teeth are small and equal ; the tube of the corolla is long and slender, and the protruding 
anthers are of a golden brown. [As described in the genus Germander (Teucrium).] The stem 
is about a foot high, tough and almost woody at the base ; and the leaves are stalked, egg-shaped 
(ovate), heart-shaped (cordate) at the base, scalloped (crenate), wrinkled, and usually with white 
marks. \Plate 33. 
This plant is very bitter and was once used as a medicine, and has been employed in the brewing 
of beer instead of hops. 
Very common. On banks, under hedges, in woods, stony places, &c. ; distributed all over 
England, less common in the north of Scotland, and throughout Ireland. June — September. 
Perennial. 
V. BUGLE. (AJUGA. Linn.) — Flowers purplish-blue or yellow, crowded at the top of the 
stem in clusters in the axils of leafy bracts forming spike-like clusters (racemes). Calyx of 
5 sepals, united into a tube, and separating into 5 teeth, remaining with the fruit (persistent), 
inserted below the seedcase (inferior) ; corolla of 5 petals, united into a tube and separating into 
a very short, notched upper lip and a large spreading 3-lobed under lip, inserted below the seedcase 
(hypogynous) ; stamens 4, in unequal pairs (didynamous), diverging, protruding, inserted on the 
corolla-tube (epi-petalous) ; carpels 2, united into a 4-celled seedcase and a long style divided 
