THE DEAD-NETTLE FAMILY 
(hypogynous) ; stamens 4, in unequal pairs (didynamous), each pair of anthers approaching one 
another, included in the upper lip of the corolla, inserted on the corolla-tube (epi-petalous) ; 
carpels 2, united into a 4-celled seedcase and a long style divided at the apex into 2 stigmas ; 
fruit of 4 little nuts (cocca). Herbs with square stems and opposite leaves. 
(1) Common Skull-cap. (Scutellaria galericulata.) — Flowers large, blue; stem about 1 foot 
high. 
(2) Lesser Skull-cap. (ScuteMria minor.) — Flowers small, pink ; stem 4-6 inches high. 
1. Common Skull-cap. (Scutellaria galericuldta. Linn.) — As just described. The 
flowers are blue, f inch or more long, almost stalkless (sessile), solitary in the axils of the opposite 
leaves and leaning together on one side of the stem (secund) so as to appear in pairs ; the corolla- 
tube is whitish, very slender at the base and enlarged at the throat ; the stem is 8-18 inches high, 
branched or simple, and the leaves are almost stalkless, oblong or narrowly egg-shaped, blunt, 
slightly heart-shaped (cordate) at the base, and slightly scalloped (crenate). The whole plant is 
smooth, though the flowers are downy when young. [. Plate 37. 
Fairly common. On the banks of rivers, lakes, and ditches ; throughout England, rare in the 
north of Scotland, and rather rare in Ireland. July — September. Perennial. 
2. Lesser Skull-cap. (Scutell&ria minor. Huds.) — A similar but much smaller plant 
than the Common Skull-cap (Scutellaria galericuldta) with little pink flowers f inch long, stems 
2-6 inches high, and egg-shaped leaves. 
Not common. In boggy places, chiefly in the west of England, south-west of Scotland, and west 
of Ireland. July — October. Perennial. 
XVIII. SAGE. (SAL VIA. Linn.) — Flowers generally showy, in clusters in the axils of bract- 
like leaves (false whorls) which are often brightly coloured (petaloid). Calyx of 5 sepals, united into 
a tube and separating into 2 lips (bilabiate), the upper entire or 3-toothed, and the lower 
2- toothed, inserted below the seedcase (inferior) ; corolla of 5 petals, united into a tube and 
separating into 2 lips (bilabiate), the upper erect and arched, and the lower spreading and 
3- lobed, inserted below the seedcase (hypogynous) ; stamens 2, parallel, with short filaments to the 
top of each of which are attached 2 long thread-like connectives each bearing an anther cell, so that 
there appear to be 4 stamens, each with a 1 -celled anther, instead of only two; the stamens are 
included in the upper lip of the corolla, and are inserted on the corolla-tube (epi-petalous) ; carpels 
2, united into a 4-celled seedcase and a long style divided at the apex into 2 stigmas ; fruit of 4 
little nuts (cocca). Herbs or undershrubs with square stems and opposite leaves. 
(1) Wild Clary or Sage. (Sal'via Verben^ca.) — Flowers small, purple; calyx as long as 
corolla-tube. 
(2) Small-flowered Clary. (Sal'via Marquan'dii.) — Flowers smaller, purple ; corolla-tube twice 
as long as calyx. 
(3) Meadow Clary. (Sal'via praten'sis.) — Flowers large, blue; corolla-tube 3 times as long as 
calyx. 
1. Wild Clary op Sagre. (Sal'via Verbenaca. Linn.)— As just described. The small 
purple-blue flowers are about f inch long, and are in clusters of about 6, near together at the 
top of the stem and more distant lower down, with at the base of each circular cluster of flowers 
2 heart-shaped (cordate) entire bract-like leaves, tinged with purple ; the calyx is purplish, about 
the same length as the corolla-tube, the upper lip being minutely 3-toothed; the stem is 1-2 feet 
high, hairy, slightly branched, and leafy ; and the leaves are egg-shaped (ovate), much wrinkled 
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