io6 WILD FLOWERS OF THE BRITISH ISLES 
(rugose), coarsely scalloped (crenate) or lobed, and hairy ; the root-leaves are on long stalks, those 
low down on the stem on very short stalks, and the others stalkless (sessile). \Plate 37. 
Not common. By waysides, in dry pastures, and waste ground ; in England, rare in Scotland and 
Ireland. May — September. Perennial. 
2. Small-flowered Clary or Sage. (Sal via Marquan'dii. Druce.)— A very similar 
species but with smaller flowers, the corolla-tube longer than the calyx, the stems not more than 
a foot high, and the leaves smaller and more deeply cut. 
Very rare. On dry banks in the Channel Isles, and reported from Cornwall. May — September. 
Perennial. 
3 . Meadow Clary or Sage. (Sal via praten'sis. Linn.) — A very beautiful species (as 
described in the genus Salvia), with large flowers, 1 inch long, bright blue, 4-6 in clusters in the 
leaf-axils, forming a handsome, spike-like cluster ; the upper lip of the calyx is 3-toothed ; the 
corolla-tube is 3 times as long as the calyx ; the stem is 1-2 feet high, with usually only 2 pairs of 
narrow leaves below the flower-clusters, the lower pair being shortly stalked ; the root-leaves are on 
long stalks and grow in a tuft, they are oblong egg-shaped (ovate), heart-shaped (cordate) at the 
base, toothed (serrate), and scalloped (crenate), and very much wrinkled (rugose), 
Very rare. In dry fields, waste places, and by waysides ; in Kent and Oxfordshire. June — 
August. Perennial. 
XIX. GIPSY-WORT. (LYCOPUS. Linn.) — Flowers small, white or lilac, stalkless (sessile), 
crowded in clusters in the axils of the leaves (false whorls). Calyx of 5 sepals, united into a bell- 
shaped tube and separating into 5 equal teeth, inserted below the seedcase (inferior) ; corolla of 5 
petals, united into a tube and separating into 4 lobes, the upper of which is usually notched ; 
stamens 2 with occasionally 2 imperfect upper ones, parallel, diverging at the top and protruding 
out of the corolla-tube, inserted on the corolla-tube (epi-petalous), carpels 2, united into a 4-celled 
seedcase and a long style divided at the apex into 2 stigmas ; fruit of 4 little nuts surrounded with 
a corky border. Marsh or water herbs with square stems and opposite leaves. 
Common Gipsy-wort. (Lyeopus europsfeus. Linn.) — The only British species. 
As just described. The small white flowers are densely crowded in distant clusters in the axils of 
the leaves ; the white corolla is sometimes spotted with purple ; the little nuts are nearly as long as 
the calyx; the stem is 1-3 feet high, so sharply 4-sided as almost to appear winged, simple or 
branched at the base ; and the leaves are shortly stalked, lance-shaped, and deeply toothed (serrate) 
or even lobed towards the midrib (pinnatifid). [Plate 37. 
Common. In wet places, on the banks of rivers, pools, and ditches ; throughout England and 
Ireland, but rare in Scotland. July — September. Perennial. 
XX. MINT. (MENTHA. Linn.) — Flowers small, lilac or rose, in dense clusters in the axils of 
the leaves (false whorls), often crowded into terminal spikes. Calyx of 5 sepals, united into a tube 
and separating into 5 equal teeth, inserted below the seedcase (inferior) ; corolla of 5 petals, 
united into a tube and separating into 4 lobes, the upper lobe being broader and generally 
notched, inserted below the seedcase (hypogynous) ; stamens 4, equal, diverging from one another, 
inserted on the corolla-tube (epi-petalous) ; carpels 2, united into a 4-celled seedcase and a long 
style divided at the apex into 2 stigmas ; fruit of 4 little nuts (cocca). Herbs with a strong 
aromatic scent, with square stems and opposite leaves. 
The members of this genus are extremely difficult to identify, as the same species varies according 
to situation and conditions, and there are so many varieties and even hybrids. 
