THE ORCHID FAMILY 
161 
much smaller and narrower, thread-like, owing to the rolling in of the edges (involute), erect, 
hairy, purple, and somewhat resemble the antennae of a fly ; the lip (labellum) is much longer 
than the outer perianth-lobes, oblong, 3-lobed, the long middle lobe notched more or less deeply 
and hanging down, of a brownish-purple with a pale blue or whitish mark in the middle ; the 
column is not beaked. The slender stem is 6 inches to 1 foot high ; the leaves are narrow, 
oblong, larger at the base and graduating into bracts high up the stem ; the tubers are undivided 
and roundish. \Plate 51. 
Uncommon. On downs and dry pastures, on chalk and limestone ; generally distributed in the 
east and south-east of England, and found in various other counties, as far north as Westmorland 
and Durham; not found in Scotland ; and rare in Ireland. May — June. Perennial. 
XIV. ORCHID. (ORCHIS. Linn.) — Flowers handsome, stalkless (sessile), hooded, spurred, 
in a terminal spike ; the lip (labellum) lowermost (inverted), owing to the twisting of the seedcase. 
The outer perianth row of 3 lobes, similar to the 2 side lobes of the inner perianth, and forming 
with them a hood over the column ; the lip (labellum) 3-lobed, spurred at the base, with the honey 
secreted between the layers of tissue. Column long ; extended into a rostellum on which is placed 
the anther, which is wholly attached to the face of the column ; the rostellum projects beyond the 
bases of the anther-cells ; the anther is 2-celled, each cell containing a stalked pollen-mass, usually 
attached to a separate gland, but rarely to one common gland which is concealed in the pouch 
of the rostellum ; pollen waxy and coherent ; stigma immediately below the rostellum, sometimes 
2-lobed ; seedcase twisted. Herbs with the leaves mostly from the root, stalkless (sessile), and 
sheathing, and with tuberous roots, which are sometimes lobed. 
Lip 3-lobed ; pollen-masses attached to one gland ; tubers undivided 
(1) Lizard Orchid. (Or'chis hircina.) — Lip strap-shaped, very long, central lobe ribbon-like, 
very long and twisted ; spur very short and blunt. 
(2) Pyramidal Orchid. (Or'chis pyramid^lis.) — Lip with almost equal blunt oblong lobes 
and 2 short blunt teeth at the base ; spur very long and slender, longer than 
seedcase. 
Lip 4-lobed, with a minute tooth between the middle lobes ; other 5 perianth-lobes hooded ; 
spur short ; each stalked pollen-mass attached to a separate gland ; tubers undivided. 
(3) Dwarf Dark-winged Orchid. (Or'chis ustuldta.) — Flowers dark purple before open, becoming 
white ; hood dark purple, lip white ; spur very short, one-quarter as long as seedcase. 
(4) Great Dark-winged Orchid. (Or'chis purpurea.)— Hood dark purple ; lip white with 
raised red dots ; middle lobe broad ; spur short, half as long as the seedcase. 
(5) Military Orchid. (Or'chis miliHris.) — Hood pale pink; lip white with raised red 
dots ; middle lobe broadish ; spur short, half as long as the seedcase. 
(6) Monkey Orchid. (Or'chis sim'ia.) — Hood dark red ; lip white, lobes narrow, strap- 
shaped, and red ; spur short, half as long as seedcase. 
Lip 3-lobed, lobes broad and short ; spur long, as long as the seedcase ; each stalked pollen- 
mass attached to a separate gland. 
(7) Green-winged Meadow Orchid. (Or'chis morio.) — Flowers few, hooded ; 2 outer lobes 
veined, greenish ; lip broader than long ; tubers undivided. 
(8) Early Purple Orchid. (Or'chis mas'cula.) — Flowers not hooded, 3 upper lobes arched ; 
lip as broad as long; bracts narrow, 1 -veined; leaves often spotted ; tubers undivided. 
