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Annals of the Transvaal Museum 
vertebra and what is here called the first dorsal. It is also possible that more 
than one vertebra is missing between the first and the third dorsal. This, 
however, is also very improbable, for the fossil was excavated by myself and 
there was sufficient space for one vertebra only at this spot. It is therefore 
fairly certain that the fossil did not have more than fourteen dorsal vertebrae. 
The postzygapophyses of the first dorsal are very long, their length being 
2 cm. Those of the second and third are slightly shorter, while those of the 
fourth have a length of i*2 cm. The processus spinosus of the fourth vertebra 
has a height of 3 cm. while its length is slightly more than 3 cm. The length 
of the centrum of the fourth vertebra is about 5 cm. ; that of the sixth, the 
ninth, the tenth, the twelfth and the thirteenth is about the same. All the 
vertebrae are so flattened, however, that it is impossible to give accurate 
dimensions, and the above are only given to assist one in getting some idea 
of the size. The eighth vertebra shows a thick and nearly vertical posterior 
supporting ridge of the processus transversus. The ninth shows also the 
narrow anterior one, which slopes forwards and downwards; at its anterior 
end lies the large parapophysis. In the tenth vertebra (PI. XXI, fig. 2) the 
posterior supporting ridge is thick and connects the processus transversus 
with the posterior edge of the centrum. The anterior supporting ridge lies 
nearly horizontal. At its anterior end and at the base of the praezygapophysis 
lies the large parapophysis, completely above the centro-neural suture. In 
the eleventh vertebra the posterior supporting ridge is thick and the anterior 
ridge thin, but the last is shorter than in the tenth vertebra. In the twelfth 
vertebra the posterior supporting ridge is thick and the anterior one thin; 
the anterior one is shorter than in the eleventh dorsal and to such an extent 
that the transverse process and the parapophysis are nearly touching each 
other. The processus spinosus of the tenth vertebra has a height of 3-7 cm. 
and a breadth of 4*4 cm. 
Sacral Vertebrae. 
The three sacral vertebrae have also been preserved, but they are in the 
same condition as the dorsals. The second sacral is the longest; its length is 
5-4 cm. That of the first sacral is 4-4 cm. and that of the third 3-8 cm. These 
three vertebrae were found between the ilea. In the Plateosauridae the second 
sacral is the longest and for this reason I take the longest of the present three 
to be the second sacral. The vertebra in front of it must then be the first 
sacral and the one anterior to that the last dorsal. 
Caudal Vertebrae. 
An unbroken series of eleven caudal vertebrae has been preserved (PI. XX, 
fig. 5). The first caudal is only represented by an anterior and a posterior 
piece of its centrum. Haemapophyses are present on all the caudals beginning 
with the first, except on the fourth from which it is missing. I cannot be 
quite sure that there is nothing missing between the last sacral and what I 
call the first caudal, because there was a slight fault in the rock which had 
displaced the two bones with regard to each other. I think it very unlikely, 
however, that a vertebra is missing between them. The first caudal was 
wedge-shaped. The length of the lower surface of the centra and their anterior 
height is as follows: second caudal 4 cm. and 4-5 cm., third 4 cm. and 4 cm., 
fifth 4-8 cm. and 3-7 cm., sixth 4-5 cm. and 3-4 cm., seventh 4-5 cm. and 
3-4 cm., ninth 4*2? cm. and 2*8 cm., eleventh 4*3 cm. and 2-6 cm. Through 
the crushing of the vertebrae, which, however, is not so great as in the dorsals, 
these measurements do not give the actual size of the original uncrujshed 
bones; they are, however, not far out, and they give some idea of the relative 
