THE I5UCKTH0RNS. 
91 
The Breaking Buckthorn {Rhamnus frangitla) is also known 
as the Berry-bearing Alder, its leaves, with their lateral veins, 
presenting something of the appearance of the Alder. Its 
more slender stems are purplish-brown in hue, and all the 
leaves are arranged alternately up the stems. The leaves 
further differ from those of R. cathaj'ticns in having plain, un- 
Purg-ing- Buckthorn. 
-■X, flowers. 
toothed edges, and their veins parallel one to another. The 
flowers are similar in size to those of the other species, but are 
whiter, less yellow, fewer in number, and on longer stalks. The 
parts of the flower, too, are in fives instead of fours ; and the 
“ berr>',” though similar to the previous species, is much larger 
(half-inch diameter). In an unripe condition these fruits yield a 
good green dye, much used by calico printers and others. The 
