ii8 
WAYSIDE AND WOODLAND TREES. 
small beetles. The flowers are succeeded by small green berries, 
which turn purple-black about September, and are exceedingly 
bitter. They are said to yield an oil which is used in France 
for soap-making, and has been here burned in lamps. 
The Dogwood is widely distributed over Britain as far north 
as Westmoreland. It does not occur in Scotland, and is rare 
in Ireland. It would seem as though its place in North Britain 
was taken by a herbaceous species, the Dwarf Cornel {Cornus 
suecica), which grows upon Alpine moorlands from Yorkshire 
as far north as Sutherlandshire. The stems of this, which have 
as many inches to their stature as the shrub has feet, die down 
annually. Its minute flowers are purplish instead of white, and 
its smaller berries red. 
Wayfaring-tree {Viburnum lantatia). 
The Wayfaring-tree has a number of names by which it is 
known locally, but the one we have used is generally known, 
though it may have the disadvantage of being a comparatively 
modern one whose parentage is known to us. The origin of 
most of these popular names is lost in the mists of antiquity. 
John Gerarde, whose “Herbal” was published in 1597, noting 
its fondness for roadside hedges and thickets, called it Way- 
faring-tree, or Wayfaringman’s-tree. Thereupon Parkinson, 
nearly half a century later, remarks : “ Gerard calleth it in 
English the Wayfaring tree, but I know no travailer doth take 
either pleasure or profit by it more than by any other hedge 
trees.” Our own experience serves to prove that Wayfarers, as 
a class, have improved since Parkinson’s day, for we have 
frequently been questioned in the Surrey chalk-districts, at 
various seasons, respecting the bold plant ; in winter showing 
its large naked buds, all rough with starry hairs, which keep 
off frost, as well as do the many scales and thick varnish of 
Horse-chestnut buds ; in summer the broad, hairy leaves, looking 
