THE CABBAGE FAMILY 
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claws ; stamens 6, in 3 pairs, one pair shorter than the other two ; carpels 2, with a short style 
and a 2-lobed stigma. Fruit a long, narrow, flattened pod, divided lengthwise into 2 cells by 
a thin partition, to either side of which the flattened seeds are attached, the shell opening from 
base to apex by 2 valves (siliqua). Herbs or under-shrubs with addressed forked hairs and entire 
narrow leaves. 
*Wallflower. (Cheiranthus Cheiri, Linn.). — The only species found in Britain, but not 
a native. As just described. The flowers 1 inch across, yellow, with purplish sepals, sweet- 
scented, and the stem 6-12 inches high and woody. \Plate 9. 
Not uncommon. Naturalised on cliffs and old walls. April — June. Perennial. 
SEA-KALE. (CRAMBE, LINN.) — Flowers white, in clusters terminating the numerous branches. 
Sepals 4, spreading, not pouched ; petals 4, entire, with short claws ; stamens 6, in pairs, one pair 
being shorter than the other two ; carpels 2, style absent. Pod oblong, slightly flattened, divided 
transversely into 2 unequal cells by a thin partition, the shell having no valves, but simply decaying 
to free the seeds (indehiscent) ; the small lower cell empty and stalk-like, the upper round and 
1 -seeded. Herbs or under-shrubs with thick, fleshy branches and leaves. 
Sea-kale. (Crambe maritima, Linn.) — The only British species (as just described). The 
flowers \ inch across, white, with a purple seedcase and a greenish-yellow stigma ; the stem 1-2 
feet high, thick, fleshy, branched, and the leaves broadly oval, coarsely toothed, wavy, with a strong 
bluish bloom (glaucous). [Plate 10. 
This species is like our garden sea-kale, the cultivated vegetable being covered up from the 
light, and the blanched white stems only being eaten. 
Not common. Sandy and stony sea-shores. June — August. Perennial. 
SEA-ROCKET. (CAKILE, LINN .) — A genus consisting of two species. Flowers white or 
lilac, in long clusters (racemes). Sepals erect, the 2 outer pouched (gibbous) ; petals 4, entire, 
with long claws ; stamens 6, in pairs, one pair shorter than the other two ; carpels 2, style absent. 
Pod narrowly oblong, slightly flattened, divided transversely by a thin partition into 2 unequal 
cells, the shell having no valves, but simply decaying to free the seeds (indehiscent) ; each cell 
contains one seed, which only ripens in the upper cell. Smooth, branched, seaside annuals, with 
fleshy leaves, which are entire or lobed to the mid-rib (pinnatifid). 
Purple Sea Rocket. (Cakile maritima, Scop.) — The only British species. As just 
described. The flowers £ inch across, white or lilac, the stem 1-2 feet high, smooth, and the 
leaves oblong, entire or lobed to the mid-rib (pinnatifid), smooth and fleshy, with a slight bluish 
bloom (glaucous). [ Plate 10. 
Fairly common. Sandy sea-shores. June — August. Annual. 
RADISH. (RAPHANUS, LINN. ) — Flowers in short terminal clusters, lengthening in fruit. 
Sepals 4, the 2 side ones pouched (gibbous) ; petals 4, entire, pale yellow or white, veined with 
pink or purple ; stamens 6, in pairs, one pair shorter than the other two ; carpels 2, with a slender 
style. Pod long, thick, and beaked, divided transversely by a thin partition into 2 unequal cells, 
the shell having no valves, but simply decaying to free the seeds (indehiscent) ; the lower cell very 
small and without seeds, the upper long and contracted into several i-seeded cells. Herbs with 
the lower leaves lobed or divided to the mid-rib (pinnatifid or pinnate), the terminal lobe being 
the largest (lyrate or imparipinnate). 
Wild Radish, White Charlock. (Raphanus Raphanistrum, Linn.)— As just 
described. The flowers f inch across, pale yellow or white with lilac veins; the pods ih-2% 
