THE CABBAGE FAMILY 
25 
with a short or long style and a 2-lobed or entire stigma. Pod short, oblong or oval, flattened, 
divided lengthwise into 2 cells by a thin partition, to either side of which the seeds are attached, 
the shell opening from base to apex by 2 valves (silicula). Seeds numerous. Small hairy herbs 
with small simple leaves, those from the root (radical) spreading into a rosette. 
Wall Whitlow-grass or Speedwell-leaved Whitlow-grass. (Draba muralis, 
Linn.) — As just described. The flowers small and white; the sepals oblong, purplish; the petals 
entire; the pods broadly oval, flattened; the stem 6-12 inches high, hairy, weak, simple or 
slightly branched ; the leaves covered with star-like hairs, those of the root (radical) broadly egg- 
shaped, and those of the stem egg-shaped (ovate), clasping the stem (amplexicaul). 
Rare. Local. Limestone rocks in the west of England. April — May. Annual. 
Twisted Whitlow-grass. (Draba incana, Linn.)— Flowers £ inch across, white; the 
petals slightly notched, and the pod oval and twisted. [As described in the genus Whitlow-grass 
(Draba).] Stem 4-14 inches high, leafy, hairy, branched, and all the leaves oblong or lance- 
shaped, toothed or lobed, and hairy, none clasping the stem. 
Uncommon. Mountainous, rocky places, and sandhills near the sea. June — July. Perennial. 
Rock Whitlow-grass. (Draba rupestris, R.Br.)— Flowers few, white, petals slightly 
notched. Pods oblong, flattened, slightly hairy. [As described in the genus Whitlow-grass 
(Draba).] Stem 1-2 inches high, simple, hairy, leafless or with one leaf, and the root leaves 
narrow, oblong and hairy, in tufts. 
Very rare. Mountainous, rocky or mossy places. May — June. Perennial. 
Yellow Alpine Whitlow-grass. (Draba aizoides, Linn.)— Flowers larger, f inch 
across, yellow, the petals slightly notched, in a small cluster terminating a leafless stalk from the 
root (scape). Pods narrowly oval, flattened and pointed with the long style. Flower stalks 
2-6 inches high, the leaves all from the root forming dense rosettes, narrow (linear), rigid, bright 
green, edged with stiff white hairs. 
Very rare. Rocks and walls near Swansea. March — May. Perennial. 
VERNAL WHITLOW-GRASS. (EROPHILA, DC .) — A very similar genus to the last, the 
flowers being always white and the petals deeply notched, in clusters terminating slender leafless 
stalks from the root (scapes), the leaves in a rosette. 
Common Vernal Whitlow-grass. (Erophila vulgaris, DC.)— As just described. 
The flowers small and white, with deeply notched petals, in small clusters terminating leafless 
stalks from the root (scapes) 1-6 inches high ; the pods flattened, always twice as long as broad 
and sometimes longer, and the leaves all from the root (radical) in a rosette, lance-shaped, entire 
or toothed, and hairy. \Plate 15. 
Common. Walls and dry banks. April — May. Annual. 
Short-podded Whitlow-grass. (Erophila prsecox, DC.)— Similar to the Common 
Vernal Whitlow-grass, but with flattened, roundish pods, slightly longer than broad. 
Less common. Walls, dry banks, chiefly in Yorkshire. April — May. Annual. 
Inflated Whitlow-grass. (Erophila inflata. Hook, fil.) — Another similar species, with 
inflated pods. 
Very rare. Found on Ben Lawers. June — July. Annual. 
SCURVY-GRASS. (COCHLEARIA, LINN .) — Flowers usually white, in flat or lengthened 
clusters (corymbs or racemes). Sepals 4, short, not pouched ; petals 4, entire, with short claws ; 
stamens 6, in pairs, one pair being shorter than the other two ; carpels 2, with a short or long 
style, remaining with the fruit (persistent), and clustered stigmas. Pod short, round or oval 
