THE ROSE FAMILY 
79 
differing in having rather larger and more open flowers, with less notched petals ; the fruit red and 
acid ; and the leaves more unevenly toothed, erect, and smooth (glabrous) ; and in being only 
6-8 feet high, bushy, with numerous suckers. 
Rare, local. Hedges and thickets, more common in the south of England. May — June. Shrub. 
Bird Cherry. (Prunus Padus, Linn.) — Flowers f inch across, white, numerous, on 
short stalks, in long, often drooping clusters. [As described in the genus Prunus.] Fruit a 
drupe, small, nearly round, black and bitter, with a rough stone. A small tree or shrub 
6-20 feet high, with leaves egg-shaped (ovate), narrow, pointed, slightly heart-shaped (cordate) 
at the base. 
Rare. Woods and thickets. May — June. Shrub. 
PEAR, APPLE, SERVICE, ROWAN, &C. (PYRUS, LINN.)— Flowers white or rose-coloured, 
in flat terminal clusters (corymbose cymes). Sepals 5, united into a fleshy, urn-shaped (urceolate) 
tube, adhering to the seedcase (ovary), and separating into 5 short teeth which remain with the 
fruit (persistent) ; petals 5, inserted in the throat of the calyx-tube ; stamens numerous, inserted 
with the petals ; carpels 2-5, with the seedcases (ovaries) embedded in the calyx-tube, through 
the mouth of which appear the styles and stigmas. The fruit formed with the calyx-tube, an oval 
or roundish fleshy mass (a pome), crowned with the faded calyx-teeth, and divided in the centre by 
the 2-5 brittle, horny, 1-2-seeded seedcases. Trees or shrubs with leaves undivided (simple), or 
divided to the midrib into distinct leaflets (pinnate). 
Wild Service Tree. (Pyrus torminalis, Ehrh.)— Flowers \ inch across, white, in 
branched, flat clusters (corymbs). Sepals 5, united into a tube with 5 short, broad teeth ; petals 
5, white ; stamens numerous ; styles generally 2. Fruit a small, roundish, 2-celled berry, green 
spotted with brown, each cell containing 1 seed. A tree 10-90 feet high, with downy shoots, and 
broad leaves deeply lobed into 5-9 toothed segments. 
Rare. Woods and hedges in the south of England. April — May. Tree. 
White Beam. (Pyrus Aria, Ehrh.) — Flowers about £ inch across, white, in branched 
flat clusters (corymbs). Sepals 5, united into a tube and separating into 5 teeth ; petals 5, white ; 
stamens numerous; styles generally 2. Fruit a small, roundish, 2-celled, red berry, with 1 or 2 
seeds in each cell. A small tree 10-20 feet high, sometimes hardly more than a shrub, with 
roundish or oval leaves, more or less deeply lobed and toothed, the under side being covered with 
a thick, white down. 
Common in the south of England on chalky banks and woods. May — June. Tree. 
According to the lobes of the leaves the White Beam is sometimes divided into the following 
species: Pyrus rotundifolia, Beehst., Pyrus minima, Ley., Pyrus intermedia, Ehrh., 
Pyrus pinnatifida, Ehrh. 
Mountain Ash, Rowan Tree. (Pyrus Aucuparia, Ehrh.) — Flowers § inch across, 
white, in branched, flat, many-flowered clusters (corymbs). Sepals 5 ; petals 5, white ; 
stamens numerous; styles usually 3. Fruit a small, round, 2-4-celled scarlet berry. A tree 
10-30 feet high, with the leaves divided to the midrib into 6-8 pairs of oblong, toothed leaflets, 
and 1 terminal one (imparipinnate). 
Very common. Woods and hilly districts. May — June. Tree. 
*Service Tree. (Pyrus domestiea, Ehrh.) — Not a native. A very similar species to the 
Mountain Ash (Pyrus Aucuparia), but with larger flowers, and a small pear-shaped fruit. 
Not a native. A single tree has been found in Wyre Forest. May. Perennial. 
Wild Pear. (Pyrus communis, Linn.) — Flowers i-i£ inches across, few, pure white, in 
