8o WILD FLOWERS OF THE BRITISH ISLES 
clusters (corymbs). Sepals 5, woolly ; petals 5 ; stamens numerous, red ; styles 5, free. Fruit 
a “ pear,” 1-2 inches long, green, fleshy, round, tapering at the base, with 5 homy cells in the 
centre, which do not develop seeds when wild in the British Isles. A fruit so well known as to 
have given its name to any similar shape. A shrub or tree, 8-40 feet high, with some of the 
branches often armed with spines ; the leaves undivided (simple), egg-shaped or oval, toothed (serrate). 
Rare. Hedges, woods and thickets. April — May. Tree. 
Lesser Pear (Pyrus cordata, Desv.), a small bushy species, with rounder fruit and 
heart-shaped (cordate) leaves, is found near Plymouth. 
Crab Apple. (Pyrus Malus, Linn.) — Flowers I \ inches across, white inside, pink outside, 
in clusters (umbels). Sepals 5, woolly ; petals 5 ; stamens numerous ; styles 5, united at the base. 
Fruit an “apple,” round, fleshy, hollowed where the stalk is inserted, yellow to red, very acid, 
with 5 horny brittle cells in the centre, 1-2-seeded. A small tree, with the leaves undivided (simple), 
egg-shaped or oval, toothed (serrate). [ Plate 39. 
The origin of our many varieties of garden apple. 
Common. Hedges and woods. May. Tree. 
* Medlar. (Pyrus g-ermanica, Hook, fil.)— Not a native. Flowers ij inches across, 
white, solitary, very shortly-stalked. Sepals 5, united into a bell-shaped tube, and separating at 
the top into 5 large, leafy teeth, remaining with the fruit ; petals 5 ; stamens numerous ; carpels 5, 
with 5 free styles. Fruit nearly round or pear-shaped, fleshy, slightly downy, reddish-brown, 
crowned by the peristent calyx-teeth, and partly shewing at the top the 5 horny, 1 -seeded cells. A 
small, thorny, much-branched tree or shrub, losing its thorns when cultivated, with the leaves 
undivided (simple), oblong, entire, or finely toothed (serrated), and downy underneath. 
Very rare. Supposed to be naturalised in Surrey, Sussex, Kent, and Worcestershire. May — June. 
Tree. 
ROSE. (ROSA.) — Flowers large, pink, red, or white, rarely yellow, solitary or several in 
a cluster (corymb). Calyx of 5 sepals, united into a round or oval fleshy tube contracted at the 
mouth, and separating into 5 leafy, sometimes lobed teeth ; petals 5, inserted in the throat 
of the calyx-tube ; stamens numerous, inserted with the petals ; carpels several, not united (free), 
with the seedcases (ovaries) embedded in the calyx-tube which together form the fruit — a slightly 
pulpy, rather dry, red or black berry — the styles and stigmas appearing through the mouth of the 
calyx-tube. Erect or climbing shrubs, usually prickly, with leaves divided to the midrib into 2-3 
pairs of leaflets and 1 terminal one (imparipinnate); and with large stipules adhering to the leaf- 
stalk (petiole). 
Burnet or Scotch Rose. (Rosa pimpinellifolia, Linn.)— Flowers 1J-2 inches across, 
white, rarely pink, solitary. Calyx-tube round and smooth, with entire teeth which remain with 
the fruit (persistent) ; petals 5 ; stamens numerous. Fruit a round or nearly round purplish-black 
berry. A small, erect, much-branched shrub, usually less than 1 foot high, covered with unequal, 
straight prickles, passing into stiff bristles and gland-tipped hairs ; the leaves divided to the 
midrib into 3 or 4 pairs of oval, toothed, smooth leaflets, with 1 terminal leaflet (imparipinnate). 
A common shrub on sandy sea-shores and chalky heaths and commons. May — June. Perennial. 
Red-fruited Burnet Rose. (Rosa involuta, Sm.)— A very similar species, differing 
in having 1-3 flowers together, red fruit, and twice-toothed, downy leaflets. 
Rare. Sea-shores in the north. May— August. Perennial. 
Irish Burnet Rose. (Rosa hibernica, Sm.) — Another similar species to the Common 
