82 WILD FLOWERS OF THE BRITISH ISLES 
Glaucose Rose. (Rosa glauca, Vill.) — A very similar species, having the calyx-teeth 
ascending in fruit and not falling until the fruit is ripe ; leaflets smooth (glaucous). 
Local. Hedges and bushy places. June — July. Perennial. 
Close-styled Rose. Rosa stylosa (sp. collect.)— Very similar to the Dog Rose, but 
having the styles united together into a column. 
Rare. Hedges and thickets in the southern counties. June — July. Perennial. 
White-flowered Trailing’ Rose or Field Rose. (Rosa arvensis, Huds.) — Flowers 
white and scentless, usually 3 or 4 together. Calyx-teeth short, entire or slightly divided, turned 
back (reflexed), purple, falling in fruit (deciduous) ; petals 5, white ; stamens numerous ; styles 
united into a long slender column. Fruit oval or nearly round, scarlet. A trailing shrub, with 
purple branches and small hooked prickles, and with the leaves divided to the midrib into 2 or 3 
pairs of oval, finely and rather remotely toothed leaflets, and 1 terminal one (imparipinnate), 
generally smooth (glabrous) on both sides. 
Common. Woods and hedges. June — August. Perennial. 
BRAMBLE op BLACKBERRY, RASPBERRY, &e. (RUBUS, LINN.) — Flowers white or pink, 
in clusters (panicles), rarely solitary. Sepals 5, united at the base, separating into 5 teeth ; petals 
5 ; stamens numerous ; carpels numerous, the seedcases cohering but not united together, each 
terminating in a style and stigma. Fruit a head of small berries (drupes), formed by the cohesion 
of the numerous 1 -seeded, juicy, pulpy seedcases round an elongated, spongy receptacle. Shrubs 
or herbs, usually prickly, with leaves divided to the midrib (pinnate), or to the base (palmate), or 
rarely simple and more or less deeply lobed towards the base ; with stipules usually more or less 
adhering to the base of the leaf-stalk. 
Raspberry. (Rubus idseus, Linn.) — Flowers f inch across, drooping, white, in long 
clusters (cymes). Sepals 5 ; petals 5, narrow and short ; stamens numerous ; carpels numerous. 
Fruit a head of red or amber-coloured 1 -seeded little berries (drupes), clustered together round an 
elongated, spongy receptacle. A shrub 3-5 feet high, with suckers ; stems erect, round, with 
weak prickles ; the leaves divided to the midrib into 1 or 2 pairs of oval or egg-shaped, toothed 
leaflets and one terminal one (imparipinnate), white underneath ; stipules narrow, adhering to the 
base of the leaf-stalk. 
Not common. Woods, heaths. May — August. Stem biennial, root perennial. 
Bramble or Blackberry. (Rubus fruticosus, Linn.) — Flowers from f-i£ inches 
across, white or pink, erect in compound clusters (panicles). Sepals 5, remaining with the fruit 
(persistent) ; petals 5 ; stamens numerous ; carpels numerous. Fruit consisting of a varying 
number of juicy 1 -seeded little berries (drupes), black or of a dull red, clustered together 
on an elongated spongy receptacle. Stems shrubby, sometimes erect, generally arched and 
straggling, often rooting at the extremity and forming fresh plants, with various kinds of prickles, 
hairs, or bristles. Leaves divided to the base into 3-7 toothed (serrate) leaflets or occasionally 
divided to the midrib into 2 or 3 pairs of leaflets, with one terminal one (imparipinnate). Stipules 
with the lower part joined to the leaf-stalk (petiole). 
Very common. Roadsides, hedges, woods, waste places. June — September. Perennial. 
Though alike in all the above essentials, the Brambles differ so greatly in some details, such 
as the stems, prickles, hairs, and the shape of the leaflets, that a large number of species have 
been named. About 158 species and varieties are given in the London Catalogue of British 
Plants. Here it will suffice to give the characteristics of the nine groups under which all these 
species and varieties are classed. 
Group 1 , Suberecti. — Sepals green with a narrow white border ; petals white. Stems 
