THE PARSLEY FAMILY 
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with the tip bent inwards, apparently notched ; stamens 5 ; carpels 2. Fruit round, covered with 
hooked prickles and crowned with the calyx-teeth, composed of 2 united cases, each containing 
1 hanging seed (cremocarp). Herbs with undivided (simple) leaves, lobed towards the base, 
and leaf-stalks sheathing at the base. 
Wood Sanicle. (Sanicula europsea, Linn.) — The only British species (as just 
described). The flowers pinkish-white, in small round clusters on unequal stalks ; the fruit 
round ; the stem 8 inches to 2 feet high, unbranched (simple), nearly leafless ; the leaves chiefly 
from the root (radical), undivided, on long stalks, round, deeply lobed into 3-5 toothed (serrate) 
segments ; with the leaf-stalks sheathing at the base. [Plate 50. 
Common in woods and thickets. June — July. Perennial. 
BLADDER-SEED. (PHYSOSPERMUM, CUSSON.)— Flowers white, in clusters of shortly- 
stalked flowers, all rising from the same point on longer stalks which have one common starting- 
point on the main flowering-stalk (compound umbel). Bracts surrounding each entire cluster, few, 
long, and narrow ; those surrounding each little flower cluster 1-5, narrow, and pointed. Calyx 
with 5 minute teeth ; petals 5, broad, with the tip bent inwards, apparently notched ; stamens 5 ; 
carpels 2. Fruit round, inflated, composed of 2 united, bladder-like cases, each containing 
1 hanging seed (cremocarp). Herbs, with leaves divided to the base into 3 leaflets (palmately- 
trifoliate), which are lobed towards the midrib (pinnatifid), and leaf-stalks sheathing at the base. 
Cornish Bladder-seed. (Physospermum eommutatum, Spreng’.)— ' The only British 
species (as just described). The fruit of 2 little 1 -seeded bladders, joined face to face ; the 
stem 1-4 feet high, furrowed, slender, branched at the top ; the leaves of the root on long 
stalks, divided to the base into 3 stalked leaflets (palmately-trifoliate), each leaflet being 
3-lobed and toothed (serrate), the centre one being again lobed to the midrib into three leaflets 
(pinnatifid) ; with the leaf-stalks sheathing at the base. 
Very rare. Only found near Bodmin and Tavistock. July — August. Perennial. 
HEMLOCK. (CONIUM, LINN .) — Flowers white, in clusters of shortly-stalked flowers, all rising 
from the same point on longer stalks, which longer stalks have one common starting-point on the 
main flowering-stalk (compound umbel). Bracts 3-5, small and lance-shaped at the base of each 
entire and each small flower cluster. Calyx entirely combined with the seedcase, without teeth ; 
petals 5, broad, with the tip bent inwards, apparently notched ; stamens 5 ; carpels 2. Fruit 
broadly egg-shaped (ovate), flattened from side to side, composed of 2 united, 5-ridged cases, each 
containing 1 hanging seed (cremocarp). Herbs, with leaves divided to the base into 3 stalked leaflets 
(palmately-trifoliate), which are divided to the midrib into distinct leaflets (pinnate), which are in 
their turn deeply lobed and toothed (pinnatifid and serrate), and leaf-stalks sheathing at the base. 
Common Hemlock. (Conium maculatum, Linn.)— The only British species (as 
described above). The flowers small, white ; the stem 2-8 feet high, smooth, green spotted with 
purple ; and the leaves large and graceful. The whole plant gives out a very disagreeable smell 
and is very poisonous. [Plate 50. 
Not uncommon. Roadsides, waste places, banks of streams. June — July. Biennial. 
ERYNGO. (ERYNGIUM, LINN.) — Flowers small, stalkless (sessile), in dense clusters, all rising 
from the same point on the main flower-stem (simple umbels) with a spinous bract below each 
flower and several spiny leaf-like bracts below the flower-head. Calyx with 5 free teeth ; petals 5, 
