THE PARSLEY FAMILY 
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Tuberous Caraway. (Carum Bulbocastanum, Koch.) — Flowers white ; the bracts 
numerous, strap-shaped ; the fruit very narrowly oval, slightly ribbed. [As described in the genus 
Carum.] The stem 6 inches to 2 feet high, erect, much branched ; the leaves divided into 3 leaflets 
(trifoliate), which are divided to the midrib into several pairs of leaflets and 1 terminal one, which 
are in the lower leaves again similarly divided into narrow lobed leaflets (bi-imparipinnate) ; the 
leaf-stalks with sheathing bases. Root tuberous, as large as a chestnut, black. 
Very rare. Chalky fields ; fairly abundant in some parts of Hertfordshire and Cambridgeshire. 
June — July. Perennial. 
CELERY, MARSH-WORT. (APIUM, LINN.) — Flowers small, greenish-white, in clusters of 
shortly-stalked flowers, each cluster rising from the same point on a longer stalk, which longer 
stalks all have one common starting-point on the main flowering-stalk (compound umbel). Few 
or no bracts surrounding the umbels. Calyx with 5 lance-shaped teeth ; petals 5, with the tip 
bent inwards, apparently notched; stamens 5 ; carpels 2. Fruit round, flattened from side to side, 
with 10 ridges, composed of 2 united cases, each containing 1 hanging seed (cremocarp). 
Herbs with leaves divided to the midrib into several distinct pairs of leaflets, with 1 terminal 
one (imparipinnate), and the leaf-stalks sheathing at the base. 
Wild Celery, Smallage. (Apium graveolens, Linn.)— As just described. The 
flowers white, in clusters on very short main stalks, opposite the leaves ; the fruit small, without 
bracts; the stem 1-2 feet high, and much branched; the leaves divided to the midrib into 
2-3 pairs of broad, 3-lobed, toothed leaflets, with 1 terminal one (imparipinnate) ; and the leaf- 
stalks sheathing at the base. \Plate 52. 
This species is the origin of our garden Celery, and has a strong scent and flavour. 
Not uncommon. Moist places near the sea, and inland salt districts. June — September. Biennial. 
Procumbent Marshwort. (Apium nodiflorum, Reichb. fil.)— A somewhat similar 
species. The flowers on very short main stalks ; with numerous bracts surrounding all the 
clusters ; the fruit oval, flattened, dark brown ; the stem 6 inches to 3 feet long, creeping, rooting at 
the nodes, hollow, smooth, growing in water ; the leaves divided to the midrib into 2-6 pairs of 
oval or egg-shaped, toothed leaflets and 1 terminal one (imparipinnate) ; with the leaf-stalks 
sheathing at the base. \Piate 52. 
This plant is sometimes mistaken for the Common Watercress (Nasturtium officinalis, 
belonging to the Cabbage Family), but its flowers or fruits in umbels, and its hollow and sheathing 
leaf-stalks distinguish it at once. 
Common. Ditches, ponds, and streams. July — August. Perennial. 
Least Marsh- wort. (Apium inundatum, Reichb. fil.) — A similar plant to the last, but 
smaller in all ways, with few flowers and clusters, shorter and smaller stems, smaller leaves, those 
above water being 3-lobed as well as toothed, and those under water being divided into hair-like 
leaflets. 
Common, easily overlooked. Ditches, ponds, and streams. June — July. Perennial. 
COWBANE. (CICUTA, LINN.) — Flowers white, in large clusters of stalked flowers, all rising 
from the same point on longer stalks, which longer stalks all have one common starting-point on 
the main flowering-stalk (compound umbel). Bracts surrounding the separate flower clusters 
unequal, small, many, those surrounding the entire cluster none or few. Calyx with 5 teeth ; 
petals 5, with the tip bent inwards,' apparently notched ; stamens 5 ; carpels 2. Fruit very broad, 
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