THE HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY 
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The flowers have a sickly scent and are used in the making of perfume, and one of the 
favourite home-made wines is brewed from the fruit. 
Common. Hedges, woods, and thickets. June. Tree or shrub. 
*Dwarf Elder, Danewort. (Sambucus Ebulus, Linn.)— A similar shrub to the small 
species of the Common Elder, having smaller clusters of white, sweet-scented flowers which are 
tinted with purple on the outside, stems 2-4 feet high, and leafy stipules at the base of the 
leaf-stalks. 
Not common. Woods and bushy places, especially near ruins. July — August. Shrub. 
GUELDER ROSE. (VIBURNUM, LINN.) — Flowers white, in flat clusters (corymbs). Sepals 5, 
combined with the seedcase, with 5 free teeth ; petals 5, united into a short tube and divided 
into 5 spreading lobes ; stamens 5 ; carpels 3, united into a 3-celled seedcase, becoming i-celled 
in fruit, and a 3-lobed stigma crowning the seedcase or borne on very short styles. Fruit a 
1 -seeded berry. Shrubs with undivided (simple) leaves, toothed (serrate), or lobed towards the 
base (palmatifid). 
Common Guelder Rose. (Viburnum Opulus, Linn.)— As just described. The flowers 
small and white, in flat clusters 2-3 inches across, the outer flowers of each cluster being snow- 
white, without either stamens or carpels, and much larger than the inner flowers; the fruit a 
round, slightly flattened berry of a transparent, deep red, containing a 1 -seeded stone. A small 
tree or shrub with the leaves broad, 2-3 inches across, lobed into 3-5 coarsely-toothed segments, 
on slender stalks which have 2 or more glands at the top and fringe-like stipules at the base. 
Common. Moist woods and hedges. June. Tree or shrub. 
Wayfaring-tree or Mealy Guelder Rose. (Viburnum Lantana, Linn.)— Flowers 
small, cream-white, all equal and perfect, in slightly roundish-topped clusters ; fruit an oval, 
flattened, 1 -seeded berry, red, turning black when ripe. [As just described in the genus 
Viburnum.] A large shrub, much branched, with the young shoots covered with a mealy 
down ; and the leaves broadly egg-shaped, heart-shaped at the base, toothed, soft and velvety 
above and covered with white down underneath, without glands or stipules. 
Local. Common in woods and hedges in chalky districts. May — June. Perennial. 
LINNA3A. (LINNA2A, GRONOV .) — A genus consisting of one species, which is dedicated to 
Linnaeus, the great botanist who first arranged and classified our plants — 
Two-flowered Linnaea. (Linnaea borealis, Linn.) Flowers very graceful, bell-shaped 
and drooping, pale pink, 2 together on a long stalk. Sepals 5, united, separating into 5 lance-shaped 
teeth ; petals 5, united into a bell-shaped tube and separating into 5 lobes ; stamens 4, the 2 upper 
ones longer than the others ; carpels 3. Fruit never ripening in the British Isles ; a dry, 3-celled 
berry, each cell containing 2 seeds, of which only 1 ripens. Stems slender and trailing, rooting 
and throwing up short flowering branches 1-3 inches high ; and the leaves small, egg-shaped, 
slightly toothed, opposite, evergreen. 
Very rare. In fir woods in Northumberland and Scotland. July. Perennial. 
HONEYSUCKLE. (LONICERA, LINN.) — Flowers yellow or whitish, often tinged with pink or 
red, stalkless (sessile), in terminal clusters (heads). Sepals 5, with 5 teeth ; petals 5, united into 
a trumpet-shaped tube and separating into 2 lips, the upper with 4 and the under with 1 lobe ; 
stamens 5 ; carpels 3, uniting into a 1-3-celled seedcase and a thread-like style bearing the stigma. 
Fruit a juicy, 1-3-celled berry. Shrubs twining or erect, with entire, opposite leaves. 
