i 3 4 WILD FLOWERS OF THE BRITISH ISLES 
*Heart-leaved Valerian. (Valeriana pyrenaiea, Linn.) — A very similar species to the 
Great Wild Valerian (Valeriana Mikanii), but stouter and taller, with very large, coarsely-toothed, 
heart-shaped root leaves on long stalks, and stem leaves divided to the midrib into i or 2 pairs of 
small leaflets and 1 large terminal one (lyrately-imparipinnate). 
Not a native. Woods in the middle and south of Scotland, and in a few places in England. 
June — July. Perennial. 
*SPUR-VALERIAN. (CENTRANTHUS, DC.) — Flowers small, stalkless (sessile), red, pink, or 
white, in terminal clusters (corymbose cymes). Calyx-tube combined with the seedcase, with a 
border which in fruit develops into a feathery ring and crowns the fruit ; petals 5, united into a 
long, slender tube, which is lengthened at the base into a little spur, and separating into 5 
spreading lobes ; stamen 1 ; carpel 1. Fruit small and dry, crowned with the feathery calyx- 
border, composed of 1 cell containing 1 hanging seed. Smooth herbs with undivided or divided 
leaves. 
*Red Spur-Valerian. (Centranthus ruber, DC.)— Not a native. As just described. 
Flowers red, pink, or white. Stems 1-2 feet high, smooth and hollow ; leaves lanceolate, opposite, 
the lower stalked and entire, the upper stalkless, sometimes slightly clasping the stem, usually 
toothed. [Plate 62. 
Fairly common. An escape from cultivation found on old walls, chalk-pits, and banks. June — 
September. Perennial. 
*Cut-leaved Valerian. (Centranthus Calcitrapa, Dufr.)— Not a native. Flowers 
minute, pale pink, with the spur of the corolla-tube reduced to a knob, otherwise as just described 
in the genus Centranthus. The leaves deeply lobed to the midrib (pinnatifid). 
Very rare. A garden escape established on old walls at Eltham, Kent. June — July. Annual. 
CORN-SALAD. (VALERIANELLA, MCENCH.) — Flowers minute, stalkless ; (sessile), white, or 
pale lilac, or blue, in small, compact clusters, or solitary in the forks of the branches. Calyx- tube 
combined with the seedcase, the border toothed, not feathery ; petals 5, united into a short tube 
and separating into 5 spreading lobes ; stamens 3 ; carpels 3. Fruit small, dry, 3-celled, only 1 
cell containing 1 hanging seed. Small herbs with repeatedly forked branches and undivided 
(simple) leaves. 
Common Corn-salacI or Lamb’s Lettuce. (Valerianella olitoria, Poll.)— As just 
described. The flowers very small, pale lilac, in small, dense, terminal clusters, inch across, 
each cluster surrounded with small, narrow bracts ; the fruit roundish, compressed from side to 
side, with 2 ribs, containing 1 hanging seed with a corky mass on one side and an empty cell on 
the other; stems 4-12 inches high, juicy, much branched, with the branches repeatedly forked; 
the leaves oblong, blunt, with a few coarse teeth at the base ; those of the upper stem narrower, 
more toothed, and usually clasping the stem. [Plate 62. 
Not uncommon. Cornfields, banks, waste and cultivated places. May — June. Annual. 
*Keeled-fruited Corn-salad. (Valerianella carinata, Loisel.) — Not a native. 
Differing from the Common Corn-salad (Valerianella olitoria) in having bluer flowers and in the 
oblong, boat-shaped fruit, which has 2 inflated, empty cells, not corky, and 1 containing 1 seed. 
Sharp-fruited Corn-salad. (Valerianella rimosa, Bast.)— Flowers in small clusters 
or solitary in the forks of the branches. [As described in the genus Valerianella.] 
Fruit roundish, crowned with the calyx-border, containing 2 inflated, empty cells, and 1 containing 
