THE DAISY FAMILY 
141 
leafless spike, with very cottony stems |-8 inches high, and leaves growing chiefly from the root 
(radical). 
Only found on mountains in the Highlands. July — September. Perennial. 
WORMWOOD. (ARTEMISIA, LINN.) — Flower-heads small, very numerous, in small clusters 
all up the stems (racemes or panicles). Florets all tubular, yellow or purplish, the outer (ray) 
without stamens (female) or perfect, those of the centre (disk) without carpels (male) or perfect. 
Flower-bracts numerous, overlapping, with membranous margins. Calyx-tube, without any hairs 
or border ; petals 5, united into a tube and separating into short teeth ; stamens 5, with their 
anthers united, or o ; carpels 2 or o. Fruit an achene without any border or hairs (pappus). 
Herbs or shrubs with alternate, much divided leaves ; usually with a bitter taste and an aromatic 
smell. 
Common Wormwood. (Artemisia Absinthium, Linn.)— As just described. Flower- 
heads round, very numerous, small, shortly-stalked, drooping, growing in loose clusters up every 
stem and branch ; florets all tubular, pale yellow ; stem 1-4 feet high, silky, much branched ; 
leaves broad, deeply divided from the midrib, each segment being again divided (bi-pinnatifid), 
silky on both sides, the underside nearly white. \Plate 65. 
This species has been used as a tonic, and is a bitter aromatic herb. The liqueur absinthe is 
obtained from it. It is also used, occasionally, instead of hops in preparing beer. 
Common in waste places, by waysides, near the sea. July — September. Perennial. 
Mug’wort. (Artemisia vulgaris, Linn.) — Very similar to the Wormwood, but with the 
flower-heads oval, erect, reddish or yellowish-brown, and the leaves greener above, and more 
divided. Not aromatic. 
Also a plant used instead of hops in the making of beer, and also as a flavouring herb : — 
hence its familiar name. 
Common in waste places and hedges. July — September. Perennial. 
Field Wormwood or Southernwood. (Artemisia eampestris, Linn.)— Another 
similar species, with the flower-heads oval, numerous, few -flowered, clustered in spike-like branches ; 
the florets yellow ; the flower-bracts often purple ; the stems prostrate until in flower ; the leaves 
with narrower segments; and the whole plant dark green, silky when young, but becoming hairless. 
Not aromatic. 
Rare. Sandy heaths. August — September. Perennial. 
Sea Wormwood. (Artemisia maritima, Linn.)— A similar plant to the Mugwort 
(Artemisia vulgaris), but with reddish, smaller flower-heads, drooping or erect, and with leaves 
doubly divided into very narrow, numerous, blunt segments (bi-pinnatifid), with white down on 
both sides. 
Common on salt marshes, &c., near the sea. August — September. Perennial. 
GOLDEN-ROD. (SOLIDAGO, LINN.) — Flower-heads small, yellow, in small clusters termi- 
nating the stem and branches (racemes or corymbs). Florets small, yellow ; the outer (ray) 
strap-shaped (ligulate), without stamens (female), in one row ; the inner (disk) tubular, perfect. 
Flower-bracts in several rows. Calyx-tube tipped with hairs ; petals 5, the outer (ray) united at 
the base and spreading into a flat, strap-shaped limb (ligulate), the inner (disk) united into a tube 
and separating into 5 short teeth ; stamens 5, with united anthers ; carpels 2, united. Fruit an 
achene tipped with the calyx-hairs (pappus). Perennial erect herbs with strong stems, and simple, 
scattered, stalkless (sessile) leaves. 
