THE DAISY FAMILY 
145 
ELECAMPANE. (INULA, LINN. ) — Flower-heads in terminal clusters (corymbs), rarely 
solitary. The outer (ray) florets strap-shaped (ligulate), generally in 1 row, stamenless (female), 
yellow ; the centre (disk) florets, tubular, perfect, yellow. Bracts in many rows, sometimes leafy. 
Calyx-tube surmounted with a row of hairs ; petals 5, united at the base into a tube and spreading 
into a flat-shaped limb (ligulate), or united into a tube and separating into 5 short teeth (tubular ) ; 
stamens 5, with united anthers, or o ; carpels 2, united, or o. Fruit an achene crowned with the 
calyx-hairs (pappus). Herbs with alternate leaves. 
*Elecampane. (Inula Helenium, Linn.) — As just described. Flower-heads terminal, few, 
very large, 2 inches across, solitary, or nearly so ; florets, bright yellow. Flower-bracts broadly 
ovate, outer leafy. Stem 1-4 feet high, erect, stout, deeply furrowed ; the root (radical) and lower 
stem leaves very large, stalked, downy, oval, the upper leaves stalkless (sessile), narrowly heart- 
shaped, clasping the stem (amplexicaul). Plant a fresh pale green. 
Rare. In moist meadows and pastures, chiefly in the south of England. July — August. Perennial. 
Ploughman’s Spikenard. (Inula Conyza, DC.) — Flower-heads rather small, very 
numerous, terminal, the branches uniting with the main stem to form a fairly flat mass of flowers 
(compound corymb). Florets very short, scarcely longer than the bracts, yellow. [As described 
in the genus Inula.] Flower bracts strap-shaped, green, or bright red to purple with a streak 
of green. Stem 2-5 feet high, branched at the top, erect, downy ; the leaves oblong, nearly 
stalkless, except those of the root (radical), which are stalked. [ Plate 67. 
Local. Dry banks, etc., especially in chalky places. July — September. Biennial. 
Willow-leaved Inula. (Inula salieina, Linn.) — Flower-heads terminal, solitary, large, 
3^ inches across ; florets bright yellow. [As described in the genus Inula.] Stem 12-18 inches 
high, very leafy, with narrow toothed leaves. 
Only found on the shores of Lough Derg, Galway. August — September. Perennial. 
Golden Samphire. (Inula crithmoides, Linn.) — Flower-heads few, about 1 inch across, 
at the extremity of the stem and branches ; florets bright yellow. [As described in the genus 
Inula.] Stem 6 inches to 3 feet high, thickening upwards, with towards the top strap-shaped 
stem-bracts passing insensibly into the flower-bracts ; the leaves dense at the top of the stem 
and bare at the base by the time the flower blooms, strap-shaped, entire, fleshy. 
Rare. Salt marshes, rocks and banks by the seaside in the south and west. July — September. 
Perennial. 
FLEA-BANE. (PULICARIA, GA2RTN.) — A similar genus to the Inula, differing in having 
its flower-bracts in few row’s instead of many, and in having a row of membranous scales added 
to the row of hairs on the calyx-tube. 
Common Flea-bane. (Puliearia dysenterica, Gaertn.)— Flower-heads few, flat, large, 
in terminal clusters. The outer (ray) florets numerous, narrowly strap-shaped (ligulate), in several 
rows, yellow. [As described above.] Flower-bracts very narrow (linear), the tips membranous. 
Stem 1-2 feet high, very woolly, branched. Leaves oblong, entire, wavy, the upper clasping the 
stem (amplexicaul), soft green and very woolly. \Plate 67. 
Very common in the south in moist places. July — September. Perennial. 
Small Flea-bane. (Puliearia vulgaris, Gsertn.)— A very similar species to the Common 
Flea-bane (Puliearia dysenterica), but smaller, and less woolly, v'ith very short, inconspicuous outer 
(ray) florets, and leaves not clasping the stem. 
Uncommon. Sandy places in the south which have been under water during the winter. 
August — September. Annual. 
L 
