THE DAISY FAMILY 
*57 
stem 2-3 feet high, branched, with hooked, bristly hairs, and narrow, rough, toothed leaves, the 
upper generally half clasping the stem (semi-amplexicaul). 
Local. Common on limestone and chalky soil. Waste places and borders of fields. June — 
October. Biennial. 
Bristly Ox-tongue. (Picris eehioides, Linn.) — Flower-heads in an irregular terminal 
mass (corymb), the outer row of flower-bracts consisting of 3-5 large, heart-shaped (cordate) 
leafy bracts with bristly, spiny margins. [As just described in the genus Picris.] Stem 2-3 feet 
high, erect, stout, with a milky juice, and numerous prickle-like hairs springing from raised white 
spots, the leaves with white warts and prickle-like bristly hairs ; the upper ones lance-shaped and 
clasping the stem (amplexicaul), the lower and root (radical) leaves oblong. [ Plate 73. 
Common in most parts of England and south-east Scotland. Waste places, waysides, cultivated 
fields. July — October. Annual. 
HAWK’S-BEARD. (CREPIS, LINN .) — Flower-heads small, terminating the stem and branches 
so as to form a more or less loose cluster (corymb). Florets all strap-shaped (ligulate), yellow, 
orange, red, or pink. Flower-bracts many, narrow, in 2 rows, the outer shorter. Calyx-tube 
surmounted with simple hairs ; petals 5, united into a tube at the base and spreading into a flat, 
5-toothed, strap-shaped limb (ligulate) ; stamens 5, with the anthers united ; fruit an achene 
thinning at the top, often into a beak, and crowned with the silky calyx-hairs (pappus). Herbs 
with a milky juice. 
Stinking Hawk’s-beard. (Crepis fretida, Linn.)— As just described. The flower-heads 
■£ inch across, drooping in bud, almost solitary, yellow ; the flower-bracts hairy ; the achenes 
beaked ; the stem 9 inches to 2 feet high, often with many branches thickening up to the flower- 
heads ; and the leaves chiefly from the root (radical), deeply lobed, with the lobes turned back 
and pointing towards the base (runcinate). 
Rare. In chalky or shingly places. June — July. Annual or biennial. 
Small Rough Hawk’s-beard. (Crepis taraxaeifolia, Thuill.)— Flower-heads f inch 
across, erect in bud, terminating the stem and branches in a fairly flat cluster (corymb) ; the florets 
yellow, the back of the exterior ones striped with red ; the flower-bracts greyish with soft hairs ; and 
the achenes beaked. [As just described in the genus Crepis.] The stem 6 inches to 2 feet 
high, the upper half branched, hairy ; and the leaves deeply lobed, with the lobes turned back 
pointing towards the base (runcinate). 
Local. In chalky or limestone districts. June — August. Biennial. 
*Bristly Hawk’s-beard. (Crepis setosa, Hall, fil.) — Not a native; introduced with 
clover-seed. Very similar to the following species, Smooth Hawk’s-beard, but differing in having 
stiff bristles on the stalks and bracts, in the achenes being beaked, and in the florets being 
a brighter yellow. 
Not native. Cultivated fields. July — August. Annual. 
Smooth Hawk’s-beard. (Crepis virens, Linn.)— Flower-heads inch across, erect in 
bud, terminating the stem and branches in a loose cluster (corymb) ; the florets yellow ; the 
flower-bracts sometimes with gland-tipped hairs ; and the achenes not beaked. [As just described 
in the genus Crepis.] Stem variable, sometimes a single, stout, erect, leafy stem, 2-3 feet high, 
and at other times with many small hairy stems 6 inches high. Leaves of the stem narrow 
(linear), shaped like an arrow r -head (sagittate) ; of the root (radical), deeply lobed towards the 
midrib with the terminal lobe the largest (lyrate). \PIate 73. 
Common. Dry waste places, w'all-tops, etc. June — September. Perennial. 
