158 WILD FLOWERS OF THE BRITISH ISLES 
Large Rough Hawk’s-beard. (Crepis biennis, Linn.)— Very like the Small Rough 
Hawk’s-beard (Crepis taraxacifolia), but having larger flower-heads, and a stouter, more leafy stem. 
Rare, local. Roadsides, etc., on chalky ground. June — July. Biennial. 
Scabious-leaved or Blunt-leaved Hawk’s-beard. (Crepis succisaefolia, Tauseh.)— 
Flower-heads few, erect in bud, terminating the stem ; the florets yellow ; the flower-bracts with a 
few gland-tipped hairs ; and the achenes not beaked. [As described in the genus Crepis.] 
Stem 1-2 feet high, erect, slender; the leaves of the stem oblong and half-clasping the stem 
(semi-amplexicaul), and those of the root (radical) oblong, broader at the tip and narrowing at 
the base (spathulate). 
Rare. By mountain streams and in woods, only in the north. July — August. Perennial. 
Marsh Hawk’s-beard. (Crepis paludosa, Mcench.)— Flower-heads few, terminating the 
stem and branches in a loose cluster (corymb) ; the florets yellow ; the flower-bracts with numerous 
black, gland-tipped hairs ; and the achenes not beaked. [As described in the genus Crepis.] Stem 
1-3 feet high, slender, only branched above, not hairy, leafy; the leaves of the stem large, oval 
and clasping the stem (amplexicaul), those of the root (radical) oblong. 
Not uncommon in damp woods in the north. July — September. Perennial. 
HAWKWEED. (HIERACIUM, LINN.) — Flower-heads large, many-flowered, either solitary on 
leafless stalks (scapes) or in loose clusters (panicles). Florets all strap-shaped (ligulate), yellow, 
rarely orange. Flower-bracts many, unequal, overlapping one another (imbricated), in several rows. 
Calyx-tube surmounted by a ring of simple, bristly hairs ; petals 5, united into a tube at the base 
and spreading into a flat, 5-toothed, strap-shaped limb (ligulate) ; stamens 5, with the anthers 
united ; carpels 2, united ; fruit an achene crowned with a ring of simple, stiff, brownish calyx- 
hairs (pappus). Herbs with a milky juice and leaves chiefly from the root (radical). 
This is the most difficult genus of this family. There are over 100 different species in 
it, and these often have many varieties ; most of them are rare, being chiefly found on Scotch 
mountains. Descriptions of the commoner kinds only wall be given here. 
Mouse-ear Hawkweed. (Hieraeium Pilosella, Linn.)— As just described. Flower- 
heads solitary, on stalks from the root (scapes) ; the florets bright lemon-yellow, the outer ones 
streaked with red on the back ; the flow r er-bracts covered w r ith black, gland-tipped hairs. Flower- 
stalks 2-15 inches high, leafless, hairy; the leaves all from the root (radical), oblong and entire, 
with long, soft, white hairs. A plant with long, soft, silky hairs and branches (runners) w'hich run 
along the ground, root, and form other plants. [ Plate 74. 
Common. Dry banks, wall-tops, hillsides, etc. May — August. Perennial. 
^Orangre Hawkweed. (Hieraeium aurantiaeum, Linn.)— Not a native; a garden 
escape ; the small flower-heads in a dense terminal cluster (corymb), the florets browmish-red, and 
the flower-bracts dark. 
Not a native. Pastures and woods in Scotland and the north of England. June — August. 
Perennial. 
Wall Hawkweed. (Hieraeium murorum, L.pt.)— A variable plant. Flower-heads 
small, less than 1 inch across, 5-15 together on short flow r er-stalks in a compact cluster 
(corymb) ; the florets yellow ; the flow r er-bracts numerous, dark olive. [As described in the genus 
Hieraeium.] Stem 12-18 inches high, with rarely more than one leaf on it; the leaves oval or 
egg-shaped (ovate), chiefly from the root in a rosette. 
Local. On walls and rocks on high ground, June — July. Perennial. 
Common Hawkweed. (Hieraeium vulgatum, Fr.)— A variable plant. Flower-heads 
many, about 1 inch across, in a loose cluster (corymb), terminating the stem and branches ; the 
