June, 1920 
The Rose. 
The Rise of the Hybrid Tea. 
[Written expressly for The Flower Grozuer. ] 
Until the latter part of the nineteenth 
century the Hybrid Perpetual Roses held 
undisputed sway in gardens, principally 
because of the delightful fragrance of 
their blossoms and the hardiness of the 
plants. They had, however, a very 
short blooming season, limited to a few 
weeks in early summer, hence their 
popular designation, “June Roses.” 
To this group belong the Roses Ul- 
rich Brunner, Paul Neyron, Magna 
Charta, Due de Rohan, and General 
Jacqueminot, the last named once a 
prime favorite and more commonly 
known as the "Jack” Rose. The flow- 
ers of these varieties are of good sub- 
stance, but lack the graceful formation 
that is characteristic of the Tea Rose. 
In order to produce a race of Roses 
that would be practically everblooming 
and at the same time possess the requi- 
site hardiness for outdoor culture, 
plant breeders turned their attention to 
the possibilities of crossing the Hybrid 
Perpetual Roses with the more tender 
Teas, which, in addition to their fra- 
grance and fine form, had the desired 
everblooming habit. 
One of the earliest of these crosses 
was the magnificent pink Rose, La 
France, introduced by the French 
breeder, Guillot in 1867. This variety 
still enjoys a certain degree of favor. 
During the succeeding years, the in- 
creasing number of varieties of this 
class, to which the general name of Hy- 
brid Tea was applied, gradually super- 
seded the Hybrid Perpetuals in popu- 
larity. 
By the untiring efforts of Rose 
breeders, the list of Hybrid Tea Roses 
is being constantly extended and en- 
riched. Not only in Europe, from 
whence have come many excellent varie- 
ties through the work of Pernet-Ducher, 
Leenders, Guillot, McGredy, Paul, the 
Dicksons and others, but in our own 
country as well, is this class of Roses 
receiving most devoted attention. 
Closely associated with the work of 
developing new and desirable varieties 
of Hybrid Tea Roses in the United 
States, are the names of Hill, Mont- 
gomery, Dorner and Cook; the last 
named, the introducer of the unsur- 
passed Radiance. These men and 
others are rapidly making for the 
American-bred Hybrid Tea Rose, a 
“ place in the sun.” 
H. S. Tillotson. 
American Rose Society. 
Rose Annual for 1920. 
The Rose annual for 1920 consists of 
188 pages with index. Edited by J. 
Horace McFarland it is necessarily well 
designed and well arranged and the sub- 
ject matter almost beyond criticism. 
The frontispiece is a photograph of Dr. 
Slower (Brower 
Walter Van Fleet, originator of many 
popular Roses. The book is well illus- 
trated, many of the pictures being in 
color. The American Rose Society 
may again be congratulated on produc- 
ing such a valuable addition to its al- 
ready rather complete literature. 
An executive committee meeting of the 
American Rose Society was held at the City 
Club, New York City, April 22nd, 1920. 
The Secretary’s and Treasurer’s report 
was accepted as read. 
The Secretary was instructed to send a 
letter of appreciation to Captain George 
Thomas for his assistance in making the 
1920 American Rose Annual attractive by a 
donation of three colored plates of Roses 
originated by him. 
It was voted that the Society should pub- 
lish an annual report to its members, giving 
the proceedings of the Society for the year, 
with a list of its members, and other infor- 
mation covering the affiliation of local Rose 
Societies, rules governing amateur exhibi- 
tions, and the purposes for which the Society’s 
medals would be awarded. 
It was voted that the Secretary be author- 
ized to inform the English and French Rose 
Societies that the Executive Committee of 
the American Rose Society have approved 
withholding registration of American varie- 
ties until assured that the same name has 
not been registered abroad. 
The President appointed the following 
honorary Vice-Presidents for the year 1920 
and 1921: E. G. Hill, Richmond, Indiana; 
John Cook, Baltimore, Maryland ; Captain 
George C. Thomas, Chestnut Hill, Pennsyl- 
vania, and Charles E. F. Gersdorff, Rosslyn, 
Virginia. 
It was voted that a new scale be adopted 
for judging displays of cut Roses as follows: 
Artistic arrangement — 40, quality of bloom — 
40, variety— 20. 
The Washington Rose Show Garden Com- 
mittee made a report of progress through 
the chairman of the committee, J. Horace 
McFarland. Frederick Law Olmsted has 
offered to produce a plan for such a Garden, 
providing the American Rose Society would 
assume the responsibility for its develop- 
ment. It was voted that the report be ac- 
cepted, and that a project for the develop- 
ment of the Garden be referred back to the 
committee. 
It was voted that the American Rose Soci- 
ety’s Gold Medal be sent to the Portland 
Rose Society, to be awarded at their June 
meeting in compliance with the rules of the 
American Rose Society. 
It was voted that the President be re- 
quested to send a letter of condolence to 
Benjamin Hammond on the death of Mrs. 
Hammond. 
Dr. A. C. Beal, chairman of the Rose Test 
Garden Committee, made a report of various 
pilgrimages to be held during the spring of 
1920. These are announced as follows: 
Washington, D. C., June 3rd; Hartford, Con- 
necticut, June 24th; Ithaca, New York, June 
25th; Portland, Oregon, June 25th, and Min- 
neapolis, Minnesota, July 3rd. 
It was voted that the Society should hold a 
general meeting at Washington at the time 
of the Garden Exhibition. It was voted that 
the President should present the Hubbard 
Gold Medal to E. G. Hill at the June meeting 
in Washington, D. C. 
A letter was read from Secretary Young 
stating that there would be a meeting of the In- 
ternational Flower Show Committee held in 
Cleveland during the month of June, at 
which time all questions regarding the con- 
duct of the next International Flower Show 
will be discussed and decided upon. Presi- 
dent Pyle stated that he expected at the 
meeting to represent the American Rose So- 
ciety. 
97 
The Secretary reported the total expenses 
on the Society in connection with maintain- 
ing a booth in the International Flower 
Show, March 15th to March 21st, 1920, to be 
$151.25, and that 420 members availed them- 
selves of free entrance to the Show, at an 
expense to the Society of $168.00 
The Secretary made the following mem- 
bership report of the Society on April 21st: 
Regular members.. 1,520 
Life members 68 
Affiliated members 430 
Honorary members 10 
Total 2,028 
Signed 
E. A. White, Sec’y. 
Maintaining Soil Fertility by the 
Use of Cover Crops. 
_ Profitable production depends largely on an 
ample supply of organic matter and nitrogen 
in the soil. Because of the increasing scarcity 
and high price of stable manure, and high- 
grade fertilizers, some other sources of ni- 
trogen and organic matter must be provided 
if maximum production is to be continued 
economically. 
Both nitrogen and organic matter can be 
secured cheaply by growing legume cover 
crops. 
A good cover crop plowed under will pro- 
vide as much (or more) organic matter in the 
roots and tops, per acre, as 8 tons of manure. 
A good legume cover crop may take from 
the air and put into the soil as much nitrogen 
per acre as is contained in 8 tons of manure 
or 500 pounds of nitrate of soda. Although 
not as quick-acting as nitrate, most of the 
nitrogen in a cover crop will eventually be- 
come available. 
On light soils cover crops, even non-legumes, 
will prevent the loss through leaching, blow- 
ing and washing of many dollars’ worth of 
soluble plant-food. 
Maximum production can be maintained 
without manure and with fertilizers contain- 
ing comparativly little nitrogen ( and therefore 
less expensive), if legume-cover crops are 
systematically grown, as suggested in the fol- 
lowing outline. 
Sweet clover and alfalfa are excellent cover 
crops and start to grow early in the spring, 
but should not be sown unless the soil has 
been well limed. If the land is too sour for 
red clover, alsike may succeed. Clover fail- 
ures are often due to lack of lime. 
The heavier the seeding the better will be 
the stand, but good live seed, timely sowing, 
a moist soil and careful covering give good 
stands with moderate amounts of seed. 
Drills save seed through better and more 
even covering. Where a drill is used the 
amount of seed recommended may be reduced 
one- quarter. 
Legume seeds should be sown as early as 
possible to secure maximum fall growth and 
consequent resistance to winter killing, but it 
is better to wait until after a good rain than 
to sow on very dry ground. 
Use nitrogen in fertilizers primarily as a 
stimulant to crops, depending on legumes and 
stable manure, if available, for the main ni- 
trogen supply. 
Acid phosphate is still comparatively cheap 
and abundant. Use it freely. — N. J. State 
Agric. College. 
United States Civil Service Com- 
mission announce a competitive exami- 
nation for the position of plant breeder 
at Blissfield, Michigan, at $2000 to 
$2400 a year. Address as above, Wash- 
ington, D. C. In these days of high 
wages the salary mentioned probably 
will not look very tempting to those 
possessing the necessary qualifications. 
