4 6 
Garden Work 
Thus it is seen that the androecium and the gynaeceum 
— the stamens and carpels — are the principal parts of the 
flower, and that the petals are chiefly used to attract insects, 
a most necessary thing to effect pollination and afterwards 
fertilization; while the use of the sepals is to protect the 
other parts of the flower from injury, especially in the early 
stages of development. 
There are other kinds of plants, such as the Melon, 
which have flowers with stamens only, and flowers with 
carpels only, both on the same plant. The plants in such 
cases are said to be monoecious. There are other plants, 
such as the Aucuba, with unisexual flowers, where the 
flowers with stamens are on one plant, while those with 
carpels are on a different one. Such plants are said to 
be dioecious. There are flowers also, like the Guelder 
Rose, which have neither stamens nor carpels, and are 
therefore called neuter. 
FRUITS 
The flower as a whole is 
Strawberry, with section showing thickened 
receptacle bearing the true fruits or pips on 
the surface 
into deformed foliage leaves, in 
simply the developed carpel or 
modified shoot, the parts 
being altered to suit the 
functions which they have 
to perform. We know this 
from the frequent change 
of the stamens into petals, 
in the double, or semi- 
double flowers, and the 
occasional change of car- 
pels into petals, or even 
the Begonia. The fruit is 
carpels. After fertilization 
