12 
Garden Work 
about, more or less rapidly. The flagella, by which they 
are enabled to move, will not, however, be seen, as they 
are so minute. They can, however, be observed when 
the organisms are killed and stained. The flagella then 
show up in lighter tints than the bodies. 
CHAPTER II 
Manures and Manuring 
Manures may be divided into two great classes: Natural 
manures, and artificial or chemical manures. In the first 
we include farmyard manures, that made in the stable, the 
cow shed, the pig sty, the poultry house, &c., all put into 
one heap and allowed to mature together. It is better, 
however, to keep them separate, as there are great differ- 
ences in the nature of the various animal manures, some 
being richer than others and more suitable for the gross- 
feeding plants. Some are cool, and hold the moisture 
better; some are hot, tending to heat some soils and make 
them more porous. Therefore it is advisable to keep 
manures apart. 
Horse manure is hot and short, and should be applied 
to cold, stiff soils. Owing to the small quantity of this 
manure that can be dug into the ground, the temperature 
is not raised very appreciably, but, being short, it breaks 
up the soil and makes it more porous, thus allowing the 
water to drain away and the warm air to get in. The 
effect of this is to warm the whole soil. It should be 
applied to such soils in a partially decayed state during 
