The Cultivation of Vegetables 73 
maturely. Though many Broccoli are very hardy, yet in 
severe winters it is often necessary to protect the plants 
by some means or other. One of the simplest methods 
is to loosen the plants with a fork, and turn their heads 
towards the north, or two rows together may be loosened 
and inclined towards each other, or they may be covered 
over with straw or mats. If the heads have been partly 
formed, they may be lifted and placed close together in 
a shed, and their roots covered w r ith soil, where they may 
be allowed to mature. This latter method would only 
apply to a few plants at one time. If these methods 
are adopted a supply of cauliflower or broccoli may be 
obtained the whole year, except when the winter is 
unusually severe. 
Varieties — 
Backhouse’s Winter, white. 
Snow’s Winter, white. 
Veitch’s Self-protecting. 
THE TURNIP 
Though so unlike the Cabbage, Kale, or Cauliflower, the 
Turnip belongs to the same great family of plants. In the 
former we eat the leaves, or flower, while in the turnip 
we eat the swollen, succulent root. During the growing 
season, the plant stores up large quantities of food material 
in the thin-walled cells of the root; most of which would 
be used up the following year to produce the flowers and 
seeds. However, we have found that this root forms 
excellent food for both cattle and man; hence, when it 
is fully stored with food, we utilize it as part of our diet. 
