The Cultivation of Fruits 
145 
down, and four shoots should be allowed to grow up. 
At the next pruning time the leader should be left twice 
the length of the others, while the other three will form 
the first series of branches. The leader should again be 
encouraged to form four more shoots, and so on. The 
laterals should form one or two shoots, as the strength 
of the tree will allow. As the tree gets older, care will 
have to be taken not to permit it to become overcrowded 
with branches or shoots. 
For standards, the head may be formed on the lines 
suggested for bush trees. 
Pears may be grown on walls, as cordons, obliquely, fan- 
shaped, or horizontal. Whichever system is adopted, care 
must be taken not to overcrowd the branches. The ob- 
lique system consists in having a central stem with the 
branches running obliquely away from it, widening out 
( C 525 ) 11 
