Propagation 259 
Other methods of budding, such as square budding, 
ring budding, &c., are sometimes adopted, but the T or 
shield budding is the most convenient, and this explanation 
of it should suffice for a work of this kind. 
Stocks for budding roses are the Manetti for dwarf 
bushes, and also the seedling Brier for the stronger* 
growing varieties. For standards the common Brier of 
the Dog Rose is best. 
The Wild Gean and Seedling Morello are suitable for 
the Cherry; the Mussel, St. Julian, &c., for the Plum, 
Peach, and Nectarine, and also the Apricot. The Crab 
and Paradise are stocks for the Apple; the Quince for 
Pears. 
When fruit trees have been budded and the buds have 
not taken they may be grafted the following spring. 
GRAFTING 
This is an operation even more delicate than budding, 
as you have to get the cambium (or actively growing 
tissue) of at least a part of the stock and scion to come 
together so that a thorough union takes place. This 
cambium is the layer of tissue just inside the wood under 
the bark of all dicotyledonous plants. It is in this dividing 
tissue that all the other tissues of the plants originate, and 
it is this cambium which forms the tissue to heal over the 
base of a cutting when it is planted, and also forms the 
tissue to heal all wounds on the plants. 
Now, when a piece of one plant is grafted on to another 
plant, and part of the cambium of the one comes into con- 
tact with part of the cambium of the other, active growth 
