Propagation 
261 
the tongue of the scion, into which this tongue should be 
placed, and gently pushed down into its proper position, 
taking care to have the barks, and therefore the cambiums, 
fitting properly as much as possible. They should then be 
bound over firmly, but not too tightly. The whole should 
then be painted over immediately with grafting wax, or 
with clay, to exclude the air, and prevent the cut parts from 
drying up. 
Worthless shoots should be practised on 
for making the cuts to fit properly in as short 
a time as possible. Much depends on the 
length of time taken in grafting, as well as 
on the way it is done, for the measure of its 
success. If the tissue of both stock and 
scion is nice and moist, a union is effected 
much sooner. 
There are many other ways of grafting, 
such as cleft grafting , where a cleft is made 
in the top of the stock. This may be larger 
than the scion. A wedge-shaped end on 
the scion should be made, and slipped into 
the cleft, the one side of the scion fitting exactly with the 
bark of the stock. Two scions may be put into one cleft 
if the stock is larger than they are. It is not such a good 
method, however, as it takes so long to heal up the centre 
of the cleft. 
Saddle grafting is another method, and consists in 
making a wedge-shaped end on the stock and cutting a 
V-shaped portion out of the scion to exactly fit on to the 
top of the stock. If the stock is too large, one side should 
fit again. 
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