Hybridization and Crossbreeding 277 
species of one genus, as has been done in the case of the 
Raspberry and the Blackberry, which gives us the Logan- 
berry. It is even possible to carry it further, and cross 
two genera, but this is very rare indeed, and the genera 
must be nearly related to each other. 
Sometimes, in highly bred flowers, the pollen becomes 
sterile. If this is suspected, the pollen should be examined 
under a microscope. If it is in any way shrivelled, it must 
be discarded; pollen in proper condition should be quite 
plump. 
There is another difficulty for those who do not under- 
stand their plants thoroughly, that is, with regard to double 
flowers, and the method adopted in pollinating them. 
Now we all know that double flowers are simply the 
flowers in which the stamens and pistil are changed into 
petals. Some of the petals, therefore, which are not per- 
fectly formed, bear anthers on their margins, in which is 
produced pollen. It is from these anthers that the pollen 
should be taken to pollinate and fertilize the single or 
semi-double flowers, on purpose to ensure a large pro- 
portion of the seed producing double -flowering plants. 
As the pollen-bearing flowers cannot possibly be perfect 
in shape — for the petals are deformed to form anthers — it 
is increasingly necessary to select plants with perfectly 
shaped single or semi-double flowers to be the seed 
bearers. This will ensure not only that the flowers will 
be double, but that they will be of good form. 
A thorough record of the work should be kept, so 
that steady progress may be made. Good results can 
only be looked for from thorough and systematic work 
with a high standard always in view. 
