33 6 
Garden Work 
will be found to consist of a little case (or perithecium), 
inside which will be seen tiny club-shaped pouches (asci), 
each containing eight spores. There will also be seen 
numerous hairs or paraphyses. When the ascospores are 
matured, the perithecia open at the apex and the asci 
burst, liberating the spores in great numbers. These may 
be scattered in the same way as the other spores (conidia) 
mentioned abqve, and wherever they alight on a wounded 
part of the tree they germinate and produce the disease. 
Now, from what we have learned of this disease, it will 
be seen how difficult it is to eradicate it where once it has 
got a hold of the tree. The hyphse, which form the my- 
celium or disease plant, run right through the tissue of the 
branch, or even, in badly infested and neglected trees, right 
through the tissue of the whole tree, bursting out here and 
there, causing other sources of infection for healthy trees. 
Where only one or two small portions of the disease 
appear, the branch should be cut well back. But where 
the tree is badly infected it ought to be cut down and 
burned. 
Great care should be taken not to have the trees 
wounded in any way, and especially in the autumn and 
spring, when the conidia (spores) and the ascospores are 
matured. If by accident the trees get wounded at these 
times the wounds should be coated over with tar, or a 
good paint, to prevent the spores from settling in them 
and germinating. 
The bark of the tree, like the bark and epidermis of 
many other plants, is proof against the attack of this 
disease; it is only where the tender tissue is laid bare 
that the disease will gain entrance to the tree. 
