Plant Diseases 
345 
and even to the base of the flowers themselves. On 
cutting sections of these warts, or on placing one on a 
microscopic slide, breaking it up, and examining it under 
the microscope it is found to consist of clusters of spores, 
which are called teleutospores. They are peculiar in that 
they are divided into two by a partition through the 
centre. These spores germinate, again producing the 
disease, but those formed later in the year remain dormant 
during the winter, and when the young shoots grow out 
in the spring, germinate, and start the disease afresh. 
As soon as the disease makes its appearance the 
leaves affected should be taken off and burned. Should 
it unfortunately get a hold, the plants should be sprayed 
with Bordeaux mixture, and the following season, just 
before the stems are sent up, the crowns should be sprayed 
with the mixture, and again at intervals of ten to fourteen 
days, as required to keep the disease in check. 
On no account should any of the diseased leaves be 
left on the ground, or put into a heap and left. They 
should be gathered and burned. By the careful application 
of Bordeaux mixture, and attention to collecting the 
diseased leaves, the Hollyhock may be grown almost any- 
where with considerable success. 
To have lost such noble flowering plants from the 
garden through disease would have been a loss not easily 
replaced. 
CARNATION RUST 
This disease in some seasons causes considerable injury 
to these lovely plants in the garden. The first appearance 
of it is when the leaves begin to turn yellow through the 
