CLXVIII.— THE TUTSAN. 
Hypericum Androscemum Linne. 
I T seems regrettable that Dr. Engler should have retained the name Parietales for 
an Order so different in its constituent Families from Bentham and Hooker’s 
Cohort of the same name. Bentham and Hooker’s group included Sarraceniacece , 
Papaveracece , Crucijerce , Resedacece, Cistacece , and Violacece: Dr. Engler’s comprises, with 
other Families, the Camelliacece , Guttijerce , Tamaricacece , Cistacece, Violacece, and 
Passifloracece ; but not the first four Families in the earlier arrangement. The name 
Parietales (from the Latin paries, a partition-wall, with reference to the placentation) 
is, of course, equally applicable to all these groups. 
Engler’s Order consists of plants which have generally heterochlamydeous 
flowers, i.e. distinct calyx and corolla, with their parts partly or wholly in whorls, 
and in most cases a large number of stamens. The carpels may, or may not, be 
united, and, though usually superior, are in some cases sunk in the receptacle and 
united to it, so that the flower becomes epigynous. Of the Families mentioned 
above as included in the Order, the Camelliacece, woody plants with simple, 
exstipulate, and generally scattered leaves, among which are the Tea ( Thea sinensis 
Linne) and the garden favourite the Camellia ( Camellia japonica Linn£), and the 
Passifloracece, the Passion-flowers, are not represented among British plants ; whilst 
the Guttijerce or Gamboge Family, mostly tropical trees with opposite leathery 
leaves and flowers often unisexual, are made by Engler to include the Hypericums 
which have previously been treated by most systematists as a distinct Family 
Hypericacece. The Guttijerce, in the extended sense thus used by Engler, is not a large 
group, comprising less than five hundred species, two hundred of which belong to 
the genus Hypericum. They are mainly woody plants with opposite, exstipulate, 
simple, and entire leaves, containing essential oils. These oils may, as in the 
Gamboges — various species of Garcinia — and in Vismia, have resins dissolved in them, 
or they may, as in Hypericum, appear in transparent glands in the leaves. The red 
or yellow and more or less resinous and aromatic or balsamic juice present in many 
species of the latter genus is certainly an indication of its close kinship with the 
Gamboge group. It has been suggested that these oils serve to protect the plants 
from the attacks of insects or of browsing animals. 
The flowers of Guttijerce are mostly polysymmetric and pentamerous, though 
some whorls may be reduced to three parts each. Their stamens are numerous, 
though in Hypericum and others they appear to be rather the result of the branching 
of five or three. As these branched stamens are not carried up on a common tube, 
as are those of the Malvacece, they are known as triadelphous or polyadelphous. Since 
the flowers do not as a rule produce honey, the production of an extra amount of 
pollen is, perhaps, connected with insect visits. The three or five carpels are united 
and superior, but differ in the extent to which they are inrolled towards the centre, 
