December, 1918 
t3t)e Tlower (Browar 
127 
[This department of The Flower Grower is intended to be one of its most helpful and 
valuable features. All questions asked in good faith and which are of general interest will 
have careful attention. The full name and address of the writer must be given, but not 
for publication.] — Editor. 
Defining Annuals and Perennials. 
To the Editor 
Will you explain to me where the dividing 
line comes in Dianthus — if the so-called an- 
nual varieties are annual, or perennials — 
they live over two and sometimes three 
years— where, in exhibitions, annuals and 
perennials are called for separately ? It is 
uncertain where to draw the line on Dianthus, 
Snapdragons or Pansies, all come under the 
uncertain lines— which are they, A or P ? 
Mrs. G. W. Bain. 
Answer by Prof. Beal : — All of the 
species of Dianthus cultivated in North 
America are perennial. There are, 
however, two weedy species, D. pro- 
lifera, Linn., and D. Armeria, Linn., 
naturalized in the eastern states, and 
two or three others which occur here 
and there. In discussing the subject 
of annuals and perennials, we need to 
keep in mind that some plants may be 
annuals in the north and perennial in 
the south. Also that a plant which is 
perennial may be treated in cultivation 
as if it were an annual. Among the 
various species and types of Dianthus 
we have D. Chinensis var. Heddewigii 
which, although it is perennial, is com- 
monly treated as an annual. The 
Marguerite and Margaret carnations 
are likewise grown as annuals. All of 
these give their best flowers the first 
year in our climate or it does not usu- 
ally pay to carry them over the winter. 
The Snapdragons, under certain con- 
ditions, will live over winter, but the 
plant is culturally an annual in north- 
ern gardens. The original species of 
most, if not all, garden varieties of 
Snapdragons are perennial in their na- 
tive habitat. 
The Pansies are derived from a peren- 
nial species, but from the gardener’s 
standpoint may be considered an an- 
nual since he sows seed each year and 
does not attempt to resurrect old plants 
in his beds. Some may object that 
since Pansy seed is sown in summer for 
flowering the following spring that the 
plant is treated as if it were a biennial. 
It all depends upon the point of view. 
Pansies can be sown early and flowered 
the same year, in other words, like 
true annuals. 
Varieties or strains of plants which 
normally are really perennial, but 
which are called annuals by seedsmen 
or florists, are those which have been 
found to give the best results the first 
season or in their first period of bloom. 
Recognizing that fact, gardeners treat 
such plants like annuals and may even 
speak of them as such. 
A. C. Beal. 
iiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiii 
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING. 
Growers having surplus stock for sale will find 
this department effective in disposing of it. Five 
lines ( about forty words) $1.00 per insertion. Ad- 
ditional lines 15c. each. 
CEVERAL years ago I purchased two distinct lots 
of Gladiolus planting stock which were supposed to 
be Francis King and America, when this stock com- 
menced to bloom I found them to be Halley and 
America. I have developed a large stock which I 
raised under good conditions I am desirous of selling 
the entire stock of prime bulbs, planting stock, and 
bulblefs. If interested write Jacob D. Spiegel, 
Norma, New Jersey. 
lAf ANTED— Contract to Grow Gladioli next season, 
vv any amount from One Hundred to a Million. 
Lawson Park Bulb Farm, R. 5, Muskegon, Mich. 
TA7ANTED— GLADIOLI— Will pay cash for large 
vv quantities of Gladioli, all sizes and varieties, 
immediate delivery. 
Address “BUYER,” 
care The Flower Grower. 
T ET ME SEND you a Flower Garden of 6 papers of 
•*-' Flower Seeds and my Book on where, when and 
how to plant, all for 25c. 
W. M. Stuart, Marshall, Mich., (Florist.) 
G1LADIOLI— Planting Stock and Bulblets. Over 40 
leading commercial varieties. Clean, healthy, 
plump stock ready for shipment. Write for prices 
and special discount. T. H. Fuller, Gladiolus 
Specialist, 649 Marshall St., Battle Creek, Mich. 
CPECIAL OFFER — Francis King and Primulinus 
C* Hybrids, 25c. perdoz., prepaid; half bushel bulblets 
of each; Francis King, Primulinus Hybrids and Chi- 
cago White. Best offer takes them. Send for my 
price list. F. M. Palmiter, Janesville, Wis. 
JA7E ARE ORIGINATORS and introducers of Gen- 
vv eral Pershing and Gloxinia, two very choice 
varieties of Gladioli. We also grow such good varie- 
ties as Pendleton, Niagara, Yellow Hammer, Peace, 
War and Mrs. Fryer. 
W. E. Kirchhoff Co., Box 3, Pembroke, N.Y. 
G' LADIOLUS JUMBO — deep pink, large blooms, a 
good commercial variety. Planting stock, % in. 
to 1 in., $2.50 per 100; $20 per 1000. Bulblets. $3 per 
1000. Send your order early. The Decorah Gladiolus 
Gardens, Decorah, Iowa. 
WE ARE GROWING GLADIOLUS BULBS for the 
*' retail dealers. We have room for your order 
whether one or one million. Ideal soil. Can we 
grow some for you ? Write for terms. 
C. I. Hunt & Son, Hunt, N.Y. 
("'OLD STORAGE— The Editor of The Flower 
'*■' Grower makes a business of furnishing plans for 
cold storage plants and also contracts the equipment 
for same. We handle all kinds, big and little. 
Madison Cooper Co., Calcium. N.Y. 
T ARGE ASPARAGUS, RHUBARB, and WITLOOF 
CHICORY roots for forcing in greenhouse or 
cellar during winter. Asparagus, 3 year, $1.50 per 100; 
$7.50 per 1000; 4 year, $2.50 per 100, $12.00 per 1,000 ; 
8 year, $1.75 per dozen, $10.00 per 100. Rhubarb, forc- 
ing size, $1.50 per doz., $6.50 per 100. Witloof Chicory, 
$4.00 per 100, $30.00 per 1000. Also Parsley, Pansy, 
Lettuce, Sage plants. Catalogue free. 
Harry L. Squires, Good Ground, N. Y. 
The Glen Road Iris Gardens 
Grace Sturtevant, Prop. 
Wellesley Farms, Massachusetts 
GROWERS AND ORIGINATORS OF FINE 
VARIETIES OF BEARDED IRIS 
E. E. STEWART 
WHOLESALE GROWER OF 
GLADIOLI 
LIST OF 85 VARIETIES 
Brooklyn - - Michigan 
SULPHUR QUEEN 
1-2 Inch and under 
$1.55 for 250 
SEND FOR LIST 
JOHN B. HUMPHREY 
R. D. No. 3 LOGAN, OHIO 
Derby Gardens Gladioli 
LIST ON APPLICATION. 
WHOLESALE. RETAIL. 
John H. Umpleby, Lake View, N.Y. 
WILD FLOWERS The haunts, habits! 
and uses of our native plants, their behavior un- 
der cultivation, and the origination of new forms 
by sports and hybridizing is the special field of 
THE AMERICAN BOTANIST 
$ 1 .25 a year 
SAMPLE FREE 23 VOLUMES ISSUED 
Willard N. Clute & Co.. Joliet. 111. 
GLEN P. HOWARD 
IOWA GROWN 
GLADIOLI 
Box 524 HARLAN, IOWA 
Metzner’s Gladioli 
GRAND PRIZE STRAIN 
A CALIFORNIA CREATION-FULL OF 
LIFE AND BEAUTY. 
METZNER FLORAL CO. 
Mountain View ... California 
W. F. SHEARER ] 
Gladiolus Grower 
504 South College St. Angola, Ind. 
GLADIOLI IN QUANTITY 
ALL VARIETIES AND SIZES. 
We control four growers' output. Ask for prices. 
Also Modeiras. Dahlias, Paeonies. Caladiums and Tuberoses. 
G. M. REBURN & CO. 
172 N. Wabash Ave. Chicago, III. 
