ANALYTICAL DRAWINGS OF THE ORCHID FAMILY— continued. 
two circles of three stamens each, present in the Amaryllidacete , only one stamen or 
the outer whorl, or two of the inner whorl, form pollen, the remaining five or four 
being aborted ; and, thirdly, the stamens are united with the gynaeceum into a 
central column. To this condition Linn6 gave the name gynandrous , the Orchids 
being the major part of his Class Gynandria. 
We have in England one very rare representative of the Diandr or Sub- 
Family of the Orchidace <e in which there are two pollen-bearing, or “ fertile,” stamens, 
viz. the Lady’s-slipper Orchid ( Cypripedium Calceolus Linne). This beautiful 
species, not here represented, now lingers in a few woods on limestone in Durham 
and Yorkshire. All other British Orchids belong to the late Professor Pfitzer’s 
Sub-Family Monandry , in which the one stamen perfectly developed is the median 
one in the outer whorl. This is originally anterior ; but the ovary is usually so 
twisted that it becomes posterior, whilst the labellum , or much modified posterior 
petal, becomes anterior. This reversal of the normal position is termed 
resupination and it results in the labellum acting as a landing-place for insect-visitors. 
In the first three types here figured the labellum has a spur ; and, perhaps, the fact 
that the nectar is within its walls, and has to be obtained by the insect boring the 
inner coat of the petal, may be connected with the long duration of the flowers, 
which may retain the receptivity of their stigmas for weeks. 
In each row of figures the first figure represents the floral bract, the second 
a flower, natural size, seen in profile, and the third, the same seen (resupinate) 
from the front. 
The first line of figures represents the Early Purple Orchis ( Orchis mascula 
Linne), Fig. 4 being the column, with the two “ posterior ” petals, and Fig. 5 the 
stamen bursting so as to disclose the pollinia. 
The second line is the Sweet-scented Orchid ( Gymnadenia conopsea R. Brown). 
The third line is the Greater Butterfly Orchis ( Habenaria virescens Druce), 
Fig. 4 being a pollinium, natural size, and Fig. 5 one in situ , enlarged. 
The fourth line represents the exceptionally self-pollinating Bee Orchis ( Ophrys 
apifera Hudson), Fig. 4 being the pollinia falling forward from the anther, and Fig. 5 
a longitudinal section through a flower. 
The fifth line is the Tway-blade ( Listera ovata R. Brown), Fig. 4 representing 
a fruit. 
The sixth line is the brown saprophytic Bird’s-nest Orchid ( Neottia Nidus-avis 
Richard), Fig. 4 being the column, and Fig. 5 an enlargement of it. 
The seventh line represents the Broad-leaved Helleborine ( Epipactis latifolia 
Allioni), Fig. 4 being an enlarged view of the column from the front, and Fig. 5 
a longitudinal section through the base of a flower. 
In the last line representing the Marsh Helleborine ( Epipactis longifolia Allioni), 
Fig. 4 is a fruit, Fig. 5 showing its mode of dehiscence. 
