ANALYTICAL DRAWINGS OF THE WATER-LILY AND 
BUTTERCUP FAMILIES— continued. 
In the genus Nuphar the parts of the flower are in fives, instead of in fours ; 
and the petals and stamens are distinctly hypogynous, being inserted upon the floral 
receptacle, instead of the apparently epigynous insertion in Nymphica. The Yellow 
Water-lily (^Nuphar luteum Sibthorp and Smith) is represented by the second row of 
figures. Fig. i being a petal ; Fig. 2, an organ showing the transition to the stamens ; 
Fig. 3, a stamen ; Fig. 4, the gynaeceum, with withered filaments ; Fig. 5, a cross 
section of it ; and Fig. 6, a ripe fruit, with the persistent calyx. 
So interesting is the Family Ranunculace<e that we have chosen for illustration 
and analysis no less than thirteen types, so that they have to be divided between two 
Plates. The Family comprises nearly a thousand species in about thirty genera. 
Of these 175 species in 26 genera are European and 39 species in ii genera are 
British. They fall into two main divisions or Sub-Families, according as the fruit is 
made up of many-seeded follicles, or of one-seeded achenes. The four types chosen 
for illustration here, represent the former, and are all included in the Tribe 
Helleboreie^ which have generally nectariferous petals and extrorse anthers. 
The Marsh Marigold (Caltha palustns Linne) is represented by the third line 
of figures. Fig. i being a flower as seen from above ; Fig. 2, the essential organs, i.e. 
the stamens and carpels ; Fig. 3, a single stamen showing the nectariferous gland at 
the base of its filament ; Fig. 4, a group of fruits, the product, that is, of several 
distinct flowers ; and Fig. 5, the follicles of a single fruit dehiscing down their 
inner margins. 
The fourth line of figures represents the Globe-flower (Trollius europceus Linn6). 
Fig. I is a flower seen from below ; Fig. 2 is a flower in longitudinal section, well 
illustrating hypogynous insertion ; Fig. 3 is a petal showing the “nectary” at its 
base ; Fig. 4, a stamen ; and Fig. 5, an immature gynaeceum, in which the stigmas 
remain distinctly visible. 
The fifth line represents the Winter Aconite {Kranthis Jiy emails Salisbury), 
Fig. I showing the flower in section with the involucre or epicalyx below it ; Fig. 2, 
the involucre alone ; Fig. 3, a petaloid sepal ; Fig. 4, one of the stalked nectar- 
iferous petals, natural size ; Fig. 5, the same enlarged ; Fig. 6, the fruit with the 
involucre ; and Fig. 7, a follicle in longitudinal section. 
The last row of figures represents the Columbine {Aquilegia ’vulgaris Linn^), 
Fig. I being a petaloid unspurred sepal ; Fig. 2, a spurred petal ; Fig. 3, the 
stamens ; Fig. 4, a single stamen when its anther is dehiscing ; Fig. 5, the 
gynaeceum ; Fig. 6, an unripe fruit {Jollketum) ; Fig. 7, a follicle ; Fig. 8, a follicle 
in longitudinal section ; and Fig. 9, a ripe fruit. 
